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Oceania >
Australia - Animals in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity
The following fossils from the geologic age to the prehistorical age are excavated in Australia. The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
Australia
prehistoric age | |
|
Australia
extinct species
Ediacaran |
 | Primitive mollusc |
Kimberella  (1000～542 Mya),
Yochelcionella (530～501 Mya) | | Trilobozoa |
Tribrachidium (630～542 Mya) | | Proarticulata |
Spriggina (630～542 Mya),
Dickinsonia (630～542 Mya),
Praecambridium (590～530 Mya) |
|
Australia
extinct species
Paleozoic |
 | Jawless fish |
Sacabambaspis (479～457.5 Mya) | | Armoured fish |
Rolfosteus (385.3～374.5 Mya),
Campbellodus (380 Mya),
Materpiscis (385.3～374.5 Mya) | | Spiny shark |
Acanthodes (409.1～284 Mya; Great Dying②) | | Lobe-finned fish |
Dipnorhynchus (409.1～391.9 Mya),
Diplocercides (397～359 Mya) | | Anomalocaridid |
Anomalocaris (530～501 Mya; ６０cm) |  | Trilobite |
Redlichia (530～501 Mya),
Peronopsis (530～490 Mya),
Asaphiscus (513～488.3 Mya),
Micragnostus (494～478.6 Mya),
Neoagnostus (494～479 Mya),
Asaphus (468.1～449 Mya),
Calymenella (460.9～428.2 Mya),
Phacops (460.5～345.3 Mya; Great Dying①) |  | Sea scorpion |
Pterygotus (439～359.2 Mya; ２．３m),
Melbournopterus (422.9～418.7 Mya),
Adelophthalmus (416～251 Mya; Great Dying②) | | Primitive mollusc |
Hyolithes (530～253.8 Mya; Great Dying①②) |  | Ammonite |
Clymenia (376.1～359.2 Mya),
Cyclolobus (258～251 Mya) |
|
Australia
extinct species
Mesozoic |
| Monotreme |
Teinolophos (125～112 Mya),
Kollikodon (112～99.6 Mya),
Steropodon (112～99.6 Mya) |  | Turtle |
Notochelone (112～99.6 Mya) | | Marine reptile |
Kronosaurus (145.5～65.5 Mya; １３m),
Platypterygius (136.4～89.3 Mya) |  | Flying reptile |
Anhanguera (112～93.5 Mya) |  | Amored dino |
Minmi (99.6 Mya) |  | Bird-hipped dino |
Qantassaurus (125～112 Mya),
Atlascopcosaurus (125～99.6 Mya),
Leaellynasaura (125～99.6 Mya),
Fulgurotherium (112～99.6 Mya) |  | Bird's relative dino |
Timimus (112～99.6 Mya) | | Primitive amphibia |
Siderops (200～175 Mya),
Koolasuchus (125～112 Mya) |  | Primitive bird |
Nanantius (112～99.6 Mya) | | Ammonite |
Desmoceras (130～112 Mya),
Hamites (130～65.5 Mya; Heteromorphs),
Tropaeum (125～99.6 Mya),
Acanthoceras (112～89.3 Mya),
Nostoceras (89.3～65.5 Mya) |
|
Australia
extinct species
Cenozoic |
| Monotreme |
Obdurodon (23.03～11.61 Mya),
Hackett's Giant Echidna (1.81～0.01 Mya; １m) | | Primitive marsupial |
Yalkaparidon (23～16 Mya) | | Marsupial carnivore |
Badjcinus (33～32 Mya),
Nimbacinus (23～16 Mya) | | Marsupial omnivore |
Riversleigh Tube-nosed Bandicoot (23.3～10.4 Mya) | | Diprotodont |
Euryzygoma (25～0.01 Mya),
Priscileo (25 Mya),
Riversleigh Rainforest Koala (16～10 Mya),
Wakaleo (11.61～5.33 Mya),
Palorchestes (11.61～0.01 Mya; Ancient leaper),
Pyramios (8～0.01 Mya),
Thylacoleo (5.33～0.01 Mya),
Nototherium (5.33～0.01 Mya),
Zygomaturus (5.33～0.01 Mya),
Protemnodon (5.33-0.01 Mya),
Sthenurus (5.33～0.01 Mya; ３m),
Phascolarctos stirtoni (2.588～0.01 Mya),
Phascolonus (2～0.01 Mya; １．６m),
Procoptodon (1.81～0.01 Mya; ３m),
Simosthenurus (1.81～0.01 Mya) … total 17 species | | Turtle |
Meiolania (50～0.003 Mya; ２．５m),
Owen's Ninja Turtle (1.8～0.01 Mya) |  | Monitor |
Megalania (2.6～0.04 Mya; ７m) |  | Snake |
Yurlunggur (15.97～11.61 Mya),
Wonambi (1.81～0.01 Mya) |  | Crocodile |
Kambara (55.8～23 Mya),
Australosuchus (28.4～15.9),
Baru (28.4～11.6),
Trilophosuchus (23.03～15.97 Mya),
Harpacochampsa (23～15.9 Mya),
Mekosuchus (23～0.01 Mya),
Pallimnarchus (1.81～0.01 Mya),
Quinkana (1.81～0.01 Mya) |  | Emu |
Emuarius (23.03～5.33 Mya) |  | Raptor |
Pengana (23～16 Mya) |  | Penguin |
Palaeeudyptes (55.8～21.7 Mya),
Anthropodyptes (15.9～11.6 Mya) | | Bird |
Dromornis (23.03～5.33M; ３m),
Menura tyawanoides (23.03～15.97 Mya),
Bullockornis (15.97～11.61M; ２．５m),
Genyornis (0.126～0.01 Mya) |  | Shark |
Carcharodon megalodon (23.03～3 Mya; ２０m) |
Australia is a country in the west of Oceania. It is the sixth largest country comprising the mainland, Tasmania island and other small islands. It is located in the south of New Guinia island, and in the west of New Zealand. The following shows the distribution of animals in Australia.
| Australia | |
|
Australia
regionally extinct
in historic age |
| Marsupial carnivore |
Tasmanian Tiger (？～AD1936) | | Marsupial omnivore |
Lesser Bilby (？～AD1950s),
Pig-footed Bandicoot (2.5 Mya～AD1950s),
Desert Bandicoot (？～AD1943) | | Diprotodont |
Lake Mackay Hare-wallaby (1.81 Mya～1932),
Eastern Hare-wallaby (？～AD1890),
Toolache Wallaby (？～AD1943),
Crescent Nail-tail Wallaby (？～AD1956),
Desert Rat-kangaroo (？～AD1935),
Broad-faced Potoroo (1.81 Mya～AD1875) |  | Rodent |
White-footed Rabbit Rat (1.81 Mya～AS1857),
Short-tailed Hopping Mouse (？～AD1896),
Long-tailed Hopping Mouse (？～AD1902),
Big-eared Hopping Mouse (？～AD1843),
Darling Downs Hopping Mouse (？～AD1840s),
Blue-Gray Mouse (？～AD1956),
Gould's Mouse (5.33 Mya～1857) |  | Megabat |
Dusky Flying Fox (？～AD1874) |  | Frog |
Mount Glorious Torrent Frog (？～AD1979),
Gastric-brooding frogs (？～AD1983),
Gastric-brooding frogs (？～AD1985) | | Emu |
Kangaroo Island Emu (？～AD1827),
King Island Emu (？～AD1822),
Tasmanian Emu* (？～AD1845) |  | Parrot |
Paradise Parrot (？～AD1927) |
|
Australia
extant species |
| Monotreme |
Platypus (Living fossil),
Short-beaked Echidna | | Marsupial carnivore |
Brush-tailed Mulgara,
Crest-tailed Mulgara,
Little Red Kaluta,
Kowari,
Western Quoll (Spotted),
Northern Quoll (Spotted),
Tiger Quoll (Spotted),
Eastern Quoll (Spotted),
Southern Dibbler,
Fat-tailed False Antechinus,
Alexandria False Antechinus,
Ningbing False Antechinus,
Rory Cooper's False Antechinus,
Sandstone Dibbler,
Woolley's False Antechinus,
Tasmanian Devil,
Fawn Antechinus,
Atherton Antechinus,
Cinnamon Antechinus,
Swamp Antechinus,
Brown Antechinus,
Dusky Antechinus,
Tropical Antechinus,
Agile Antechinus,
Yellow-footed Antechinus,
Subtropical Antechinus,
Red-tailed Phascogale,
Brush-tailed Phascogale,
Kultarr,
Wongai Ningaui,
Pilbara Ningaui,
Southern Ningaui,
Fat-tailed Dunnart,
Carpentarian Dunnart,
Julia Creek Dunnart,
Stripe-faced Dunnart,
Red-cheeked Dunnart,
White-tailed Dunnart,
Kangaroo Island Dunnart,
Grey-bellied Dunnart,
Long-tailed Dunnart,
Little Long-tailed Dunnart,
Gilbert's Dunnart,
White-footed Dunnart,
Slender-tailed Dunnart,
Hairy-footed Dunnart,
Sandhill Dunnart,
Lesser Hairy-footed Dunnart,
Kakadu Dunnart,
Boullanger Island Dunnart,
Chestnut Dunnart,
Sooty Dunnart,
Ooldea Dunnart,
Paucident Planigale,
Long-tailed Planigale,
Common Planigale,
Narrow-nosed Planigale,
Numbat | | Marsupial omnivore |
Greater Bilby ,
Northern Brown Bandicoot,
Southern Brown Bandicoot,
Golden Bandicoot,
Western Barred Bandicoot,
Eastern Barred Bandicoot,
Long-nosed Bandicoot,
Long-nosed Spiny Bandicoot | | Marsupial mole |
Southern Marsupial Mole,
Northern Marsupial Mole | | Wombat, Koala |
Koala (Living fossil),
Common Wombat,
Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat,
Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat | | Possum, Glider |
Southern Common Cuscus,
Common Spotted Cuscus ,
Black-spotted Cuscus (Spotted),
Common Brushtail Possum,
Northern Brushtail Possum,
Short-eared Possum,
Mountain Brushtail Possum,
Coppery Brushtail Possum,
Scaly-tailed Possum,
Mountain Pygmy Possum,
Long-tailed Pygmy Possum,
Tasmanian Pygmy Possum,
Western Pygmy Possum,
Eastern Pygmy Possum,
Honey Possum,
Striped Possum,
Leadbeater's Possum,
Sugar Glider,
Mahogany Glider,
Yellow-bellied Glider,
Squirrel Glider,
Lemur-like Ringtail Possum,
Greater Glider,
Rock-haunting Ringtail Possum,
Common Ringtail Possum,
Cinereus Ringtail Possum,
Herbert River Ringtail Possum,
Green Ringtail Possum,
Feathertail Glider |  | Kangaroo |
Banded Hare-wallaby,
Lumholtz's Tree-kangaroo,
Bennett's Tree-kangaroo,
Spectacled Hare-wallaby,
Rufous Hare-wallaby,
Red Kangaroo,
Eastern Grey Kangaroo,
Agile Wallaby,
Black-striped Wallaby,
Tammar Wallaby,
Western Brush Wallaby,
Parma Wallaby,
Pretty-faced Wallaby,
Red-necked Wallaby,
Antilopine Kangaroo,
Woodward's Wallaroo,
Eastern Wallaroo,
Western Grey Kangaroo,
Bridled Nail-tail Wallaby,
Northern Nail-tail Wallaby,
Short-eared Rock-wallaby,
Monjon,
Nabarlek,
Proserpine Rock-wallaby,
Rothschild's Rock-wallaby,
Allied Rock-wallaby,
Cape York Rock-wallaby,
Godman's Rock-wallaby,
Herbert's Rock-wallaby,
Unadorned Rock-wallaby,
Black-flanked Rock-wallaby,
Mareeba Rock-wallaby,
Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby,
Purple-necked Rock-wallaby,
Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby,
Mt. Claro Rock-wallaby,
Quokka,
Tasmanian Pademelon,
Red-legged Pademelon,
Red-necked Pademelon,
Swamp Wallaby,
Rufous Rat-kangaroo,
Eastern Bettong,
Boodie,
Woylie,
Northern Bettong,
Long-nosed Potoroo,
Gilbert's Potoroo,
Long-footed Potoroo,
Musky Rat-kangaroo | | Rodent |
Northern Palm Squirrel | | Megabat |
Long-tongued Nectar Bat,
Common Blossom-bat,
Black Flying-fox,
Spectacled Flying-fox,
Big-eared Flying Fox,
Bismarck Flying-fox,
Grey-headed Flying Fox,
Little Red Flying-fox,
Torresian Flying Fox,
Moluccan Naked-backed Fruit Bat … total 11 species |  | Carnivora |
Dingo* |  | Lizard |
Frill-necked lizard,
Australian water dragon,
Central Bearded Dragon | | Monitor |
Spiny-tailed goanna,
Mangrove Monitor,
Emerald Tree Monitor,
Lace Monitor,
Short-tailed monitor,
Perentie,
Sand goanna,
Argus monitor,
Timor Tree Monitor,
Dumeril's monitor,
Mertens' monitor,
Black-headed Monitor | | Crocodile |
Freshwater Crocodile,
Saltwater Crocodile | | Emu |
Emu |  | Cassowary |
Southern Cassowary |  | Goose |
Cape Barren Goose |  | Swan |
Black swan |  | Stork |
Black-necked Stork |  | Ibis |
Australian White Ibis,
Straw-necked Ibis,
Glossy Ibis,
Royal Spoonbill,
Yellow-billed Spoonbill |  | Crane |
Sarus Crane ,
Brolga |  | Kingfisher |
Red-backed Kingfisher | | Raptor |
Grey Falcon,
Black Falcon,
Australian Black-shouldered Kite,
Letter-winged Kite ,
Square-tailed Kite,
Black-breasted Buzzard | | Paradise bird |
Trumpet Manucode,
Magnificent Riflebird,
Paradise Riflebird,
Victoria's Riflebird | | Finch |
Gouldian Finch (Multicoloured finch) |  | Pelican |
Australian Pelican | | Parrot |
Cockatiel ,
Palm Cockatoo ,
Red-tailed Black Cockatoo,
Glossy Black Cockatoo,
Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo,
Short-billed Black Cockatoo,
Long-billed Black Cockatoo,
Gang-gang Cockatoo,
Galah ,
Major Mitchell's Cockatoo … total 53 species | | Lungfish |
Queensland lungfish (100 Mya～; Great Dying⑤) | | bird (EN) |
Plains Wanderer,
Buff-breasted Buttonquail,
Australasian Bittern,
Eastern Bristlebird,
Mallee Emu-wren,
Regent Honeyeater,
Black-eared Miner,
Forty-spotted Pardalote |  | Tree |
Australian Baobab |
|
Australia
marine extant
species |
 | Sea-cow |
Dugong |  | Whale |
Southern Right Whale,
Fin Whale (２７m),
Blue Whale (３３m),
Common Minke Whale,
Antarctic Minke Whale,
Sei Whale,
Eden's Whale,
Humpback Whale,
Sperm Whale,
Dwarf Sperm Whale,
Pygmy Sperm Whale,
Cuvier's Beaked Whale,
Arnoux's Beaked Whale,
Tasman Beaked Whale,
Indo-Pacific Beaked Whale,
Southern Bottlenose Whale,
Hector's Beaked Whale,
True's Beaked Whale,
Gray's Beaked Whale,
Andrews' Beaked Whale,
Ginko-toothed Beaked Whale,
Layard's Beaked Whale,
Blainville's Beaked Whale |  | Dolphin |
Rough-toothed Dolphin,
Pacific Humpback Dolphin,
Bottlenose Dolphin,
Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin,
Pantropical Spotted Dolphin,
Spinner Dolphin,
Striped Dolphin,
Short-beaked Common Dolphin,
Fraser's Dolphin,
Dusky Dolphin,
Hourglass Dolphin,
Southern Right Whale Dolphin,
Risso's Dolphin,
Melon-headed Whale,
Pygmy Killer Whale,
False Killer Whale,
Orca,
Long-finned Pilot Whale,
Short-finned Pilot Whale,
Irrawaddy Dolphin,
Australian Snubfin Dolphin,
Spectacled Porpoise |  | Marine mammal |
Antarctic Fur Seal,
Brown Fur Seal,
New Zealand Fur Seal,
Subantarctic Fur Seal,
Australian Sea Lion,
New Zealand Sea Lion,
Southern Elephant Seal (５m),
Ross Seal,
Crabeater Seal,
Leopard Seal,
Weddell Seal | | Turtle |
Loggerhead Sea Turtle,
Green turtle,
Hawksbill turtle,
Olive Ridley,
Flatback Turtle,
Leatherback turtle |  | Frigatebird |
Great Frigatebird,
Lesser Frigatebird,
Christmas Island Frigatebird |  | Albatross |
Wandering Albatross,
Southern Royal Albatross,
Northern Royal Albatross,
Grey-headed Albatross,
Black-browed Albatross,
Shy Albatross,
Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross,
Buller's Albatross,
Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross,
Light-mantled Albatross,
Sooty Albatross | | Penguin |
King Penguin,
Little Blue Penguin,
Fiordland Penguin,
Snares Penguin,
Erect-crested Penguin,
Southern Rockhopper Penguin,
Royal Penguin,
Macaroni Penguin | | seabird |
Hutton's Shearwater |  | Ray |
Manta ray,
Knifetooth sawfish,
Dwarf sawfish,
Largetooth sawfish,
Longcomb sawfish | | Shark |
Whale shark (１２m),
Scalloped hammerhead,
Great hammerhead,
Basking shark,
Great white shark,
Shortfin mako,
Longfin mako,
Porbeagle shark |  | Marlin |
Indo-Pacific sailfish,
Black Marlin,
Striped Marlin |  | Tuna |
Southern bluefin tuna |  | Nautilus |
Chambered Nautilus ,
Kobeso Nautilus |  | Squid |
Giant squid' (１３m) |
|
Australia
small extant
species |
 | Mouse (CR) |
Lesser Stick-nest Rat,
Central Rock Rat,
Carpentarian Rock Rat,
Bramble Cay Mosaic-tailed Rat | | Mouse (EN) |
Smoky Mouse | | Bat (CR) |
Lord Howe Long-eared Bat | | Turtle (CR) |
Western Swamp Tortoise | | Turtle (EN) |
Namoi River Snapping Turtle,
Mary River turtle | | Lizard (EN) |
Pygmy Blue-Tongued Skink,
Blue Mountain Water Skink,
Allan's Lerista |  | Gecko (EN) |
Pernatty Knob-tailed Gecko | | Frog (CR) |
Booroolong Frog,
Tablelands Bell Frog,
Armoured Frog,
(Litoria myola),
Nyakala Frog,
Peppered Tree Frog,
Spotted Tree Frog,
Baw Baw Frog,
White-bellied Frog,
Sharp-snouted Torrent Frog,
Eungella Torrent Frog,
Kroombit Tinker Frog,
Tinkling Frog,
(Cophixalus concinnus) | | Frog (EN) |
Green Thighed Frog,
Cooloola Sedge Frog,
Waterfall Frog,
Growling Grass Frog,
Common Mist Frog,
Australian Lace-lid,
Mountain Frog,
Loveridge's Frog,
Southern Mountain Frog,
Richmond Range Mountain Frog,
Sphagnum Frog,
Fleay's Barred Frog,
Giant Barred Frog,
Magnificent Brood Frog,
Northern Corroboree Frog,
(Cophixalus mcdonaldi),
(Cophixalus monticola),
(Cophixalus neglectus) |  | Swallowtail
butterfly |
Clearwing Swallowtail ,
Common Bluebottle ,
Tailed Jay ,
Macleay's Swallowtail ,
Cairns Birdwing ,
King Priamos’ Birdwing ,
Richmond Birdwing ,
Orchard Swallowtail ,
Common Lime ,
Scarlet Mormon … total 11 species |
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