Megafauna Past and Present (Phylogenetic tree) - Animals in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity

Classified animal picture guide. Highlighting the link of species shows the images, and clicking the link shows Evolutionary Tree.

• Kingdom Animalia
  • Phylum Arthropod
    • Class Dinocaridida (Anomalocaris, Opabinia)

      Anomalocaridid

      Anomalocaris   (530～501 Mya; ６０cm), Hurdia   (513～501 Mya; ５０cm)

    • Subphylum Chelicerata (Horseshoe crabs, Scorpions, Spiders, Mites)
      • Class Merostomata (Horseshoe crabs, Sea scorpions)

        Sea scorpion

        Pterygotus   (439～359.2 Mya; ２．３m), Pulmonoscorpius   (345.3～328.3 Mya; １m), Jaekelopterus   (409.1～391.9 Mya; ２．５m)

  • Phylum Mollusca
    • Class Cephalopod (Squid, Octopus, Cuttlefish, Nautilus, Ammonite)

      Squid

      Giant squid'   (All oceans; １３m), Colossal squid   (Antarctic Ocean; １４m)

  • Phylum Chordate
    • Subphylum Vertebra
      • Infraphylum Gnathostomata (Jawed vertebrates)
        • Class Placodermi (Armoured fish)

          Armoured fish

          Dunkleosteus   (376.1～359.2 Mya; １０m)

        • Class Chondrichthyes (Ray, Shark)

          Shark

          Carcharodon megalodon   (23.03～3 Mya; ２０m), Whale shark   (warm ocean; １２m)

        • Class Sarcopterygii (Four-limbed vertebrate, Coelacanth, Lungfish)

          Lobe-finned fish

          Rhizodus   (377～310 Mya; ７m), Hyneria   (360 Mya; ４m)

        • Class Actinopterygii (Most living fishes)

          Ray-finned fish

          Leedsichthys   (165～155 Mya; ２８m)

        • Class Amphibia

          Primitive amphibia

          Prionosuchus   (270 Mya; ９m)

        • Class Sauropsida (Non mammal-like reptiles)
          • Subclass Anapsida (No arch near the temples)

            Turtle

            Protostega   (99.6～70.6 Mya; ２．７m), Archelon   (83.5～70.6 Mya; ４m), Meiolania   (50～0.003 Mya; ２．５m), Stupendemys   (9～7.25 Mya; ２．４m), Colossochelys   (7.25～1.81 Mya; ２．５m)

          • Subclass Diapsida (Two arches near the temples)
            • Infraclass Lepidosauromorpha (Lizards, Snakes, Tuatara)

              		Marine reptile	Liopleurodon   (164.7～161.2 Mya; １０m), Kronosaurus   (145.5～65.5 Mya; １３m)
              		Marine lizard	Mosasaurus   (99.6～65.5 Mya; １８m), Tylosaurus   (93.5～65.5 Mya; １５m)
              		Monitor	Megalania   (2.6～0.04 Mya; ７m), Komodo Dragon   (Indonesia; ３m)
              		Snake	Titanoboa   (61.7～55.8 Mya; １５m), Gigantophis   (37.2～33.9 Mya; １０m), Green anaconda Largest snakes   (South America; ７m), Reticulated python Largest snakes   (Southeast Asia; ８．７m)

            • Infraclass Archosauromorpha (Crocodiles, Pterosaurs, Dinosaurs)

              		Crocodile	Sarcosuchus   (145.5～93.5 Mya; １２m), Deinosuchus   (83.5～1.81 Mya; １２m), Purussaurus   (8 Mya; １２m), Saltwater Crocodile   (tropical Asia and Oceania; ６m)
              		Flying reptile	Arambourgiania   (70.6～65.5 Mya; １２m), Hatzegopteryx   (70.6～65.5 Mya; １２m), Quetzalcoatlus   (70.6～65.5 Mya; １２m)
              		Bird-hipped dino	Edmontosaurus   (83.5～65.5 Mya; １３m)
              		Long-necked dino	Amphicoelias   (155.7～145.5 Mya; ６０m), Supersaurus   (155.7～145.5 Mya; ３４m), Sauroposeidon   (125～99.6 Mya; ３４m), Argentinosaurus   (99.6～93.5 Mya; ３５m), Futalognkosaurus   (93.5～85.8 Mya; ３４m), Bruhathkayosaurus   (78～74 Mya; ４４m)
              		Large predatory dino	Tarbosaurus   (83.5～65.5 Mya; １２m), Tyrannosaurus   (83.5～65.5 Mya; １３m)

        • Class Aves

          Primitive bird

          Hesperornis   (89.3～65.5 Mya; １．５m)

          • Subclass Neornithes (Modern birds)
            • Infraclass Paleognathae

              		Ostrich	Ostrich   (Africa; ２．７５m)
              		Elephant bird	Great Elephant Bird   (2 Mya～AD1840; ３m)
              		Giant Moa	South Island giant Moa   (70 Mya～AD1500s; ３．６m), North Island giant Moa   (70 Mya～AD1500s; ３．６m)

            • Infraclass Neognathae

              		Fowl	Gastornis   (61.7～55.8 Mya; ２m), Dromornis   (23.03～5.33 Mya; ３m), Bullockornis   (15.97～11.61 Mya; ２．５m)
              		Penguin	Anthropornis   (55.8～15.97 Mya; １．７m), Icadyptes   (37.2～33.9 Mya; １．５m), Pachydyptes   (36～21.7 Mya; １．６m)
              		Raptor	Argentavis   (9～6.8 Mya; １．５m)
              		Terror bird	Brontornis   (23.03～11.61 Mya; ２．８m), Phorusrhacos   (23.03～4 Mya; ２．５m), Paraphysornis   (23 Mya; ２m), Devincenzia   (13.65～11.61 Mya; ２．５m), Titanis   (4.9～1.8 Mya; ２．５m)
              		Owl	Cuban Giant Owl   (1.81～0.01 Mya; １．１m)

        • Class Mammalia
          • Subclass Theria (Wild animal)
            • Infraclass Metatheria (Marsupials)

              Diprotodont

              Sthenurus   (5.330～0.01 Mya; ３m), Phascolonus   (2～0.01 Mya; １．６m), Procoptodon   (1.81～0.01 Mya; ３m), Diprotodon   (0.126～0.01 Mya; ３m)

            • Infraclass Eutheria (Placentals)
              • Clade Atlantogenata
                • Group I: Afrotheria

                  		Hyrax	Kvabebihyrax   (5.33～1.81 Mya; １．６m)
                  		Primitive elephant	Deinotherium   (22.4～0.01 Mya; ５m), Amebelodon   (13.6～8.7 Mya; ６m), Cuvieronius   (10.3～0.011 Mya; ６m), Sinomastodon   (1.81～0.781 Mya; ５．３m)
                  		Elephant	American mastodon   (23.03～0.012 Mya; ５m), Stegodon   (11.61～0.01 Mya; ５m), American mammoth   (4.9～0.011 Mya; ４．９m), Songhua River Mammoth   (0.28 Mya; ５m), African elephant   (Africa; ７．３m)
                  		Sea-cow	Steller's Sea Cow   (0.3 Mya～AD1768; ８m)

                • Group II: Xenarthra

                  		Armadillo	Glyptodon   (3.6～0.01 Mya; ３m), Doedicurus   (3～0.01 Mya; ３．６m), Panochthus   (3.6～0.01 Mya; ３m)
                  		Ground sloth	Megatherium   (5.33～0.01 Mya; ８m), Eremotherium   (1.81～0.01 Mya; ６m)

              • Clade Boreoeutheria
                • Group III: Euarchontoglires

                  		Primate	Gigantopithecus   (1.81～0.126 Mya; ３m), Western Gorilla   (tropical Africa; １．７m)
                  		Rodent	Phoberomys   (11.61～7.25 Mya; ３m), Eumegamys   (11.61～1.81 Mya; ３．５m), Josephoartigasia   (4～2 Mya; ３m), Castoroides   (1.8～0.01 Mya; ２．５m)

                • Group IV: Laurasiatheria

                  		Primitive whale	Basilosaurus   (40.4～33.9 Mya; ２５m)
                  		Whale	Fin Whale   (All oceans; ２７m), Blue Whale   (All oceans; ３３m)
                  		Even-toed ungulate	Entelodon   (37.2～28.4 Mya; ４．６m), Megaloceros giganteus   (0.126～0.01 Mya; ３．６５m), Sinomegaceros yabei   (0.126～0.01 Mya; ３m), Giraffe   (Africa; ５m)
                  		Ungulate	Andrewsarchus   (45～36 Mya; ３．４m)
                  		Odd-toed ungulate	Megacerops   (38～33.9 Mya; ５m), Paraceratherium   (37.2～23.03 Mya; ８m), Embolotherium   (37.2～33.9 Mya; ５m), Elasmotherium   (3.6～0.126 Mya; ６m), Megatapirus   (0.781～0.01 Mya; ２．１m)
                  		Carnivora-like	Megistotherium   (16.9～11.61 Mya; ４m)
                  		Carnivora	Eusmilus   (37.2～28.4 Mya; ２．５m), Sarkastodon   (35 Mya; ５m), Machairodus   (11.61～0.126 Mya; ２．５m), Smilodon   (1.81～0.01 Mya; ２．１m), Lion   (Africa; ２．５m), Brown Bear   (Northern Hemisphere; ３m), Polar Bear   (Arctic; ３m)
                  		Marine mammal	Southern Elephant Seal   (Antarctic Ocean; ５m)