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Japan - Animals in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity
The following fossils from the geologic age to the prehistorical age are excavated in Japan. The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
Japan
prehistoric age | |
|
Japan
extinct species
Paleozoic |
 | Trilobite |
Pseudophillipsia (302～251 Mya) |
|
Japan
extinct species
Mesozoic |
 | Marine reptile |
Grippia (251～199.6 Mya),
Utatsusaurus (249.7～245 Mya),
Elasmosaurus (93.5～70.6 Mya),
Futabasaurus (85.8～83.5 Mya) |  | Monitor |
Kaganaias (140.2～136.4 Mya) | | Marine lizard |
Tylosaurus (93.5～65.5 Mya),
Taniwhasaurus (83.5～65.5 Mya) |  | Flying reptile |
Pteranodon (89.3～70.6 Mya) |  | Bird-hipped dino |
Fukuisaurus (130～125 Mya) |  | Horned dino |
Albalophosaurus (140.2～136.4 Mya),
Archaeoceratops (125～112 Mya) |  | Duck-billed dino |
Edmontosaurus (83.5～65.5 Mya; １３m),
Anatotitan (70.6～65.5 Mya) |  | Long-necked dino |
Mamenchisaurus (175.6～99.6 Mya; Very long neck),
Fukuititan (130～125 Mya) |  | Predatory dino |
Fukuiraptor (130～125 Mya) | | Primitive amphibia |
Mastodonsaurus (245～199.6 Mya) |  | Ray-finned fish |
Lepidotes (245～70.6 Mya; Great Dying④) |  | Ammonite |
Dactylioceras (183.7～175.6 Mya),
Crioceratites (140.2～99.6 Mya),
Desmoceras (130～112 Mya),
Heteroceras (130～70.6 Mya; Heteromorphs),
Hamites (130～65.5 Mya; Heteromorphs),
Douvilleiceras (125～93.5 Mya),
Anagaudryceras (103.3～65.5 Mya),
Anapachydiscus (85.8～65.5 Mya),
Didymoceras (83.5～70.6 Mya; Paired Horns),
Pravitoceras (83.5～70.6 Mya),
Nipponites (93.5～65.5 Mya; Heteromorphs) |
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Japan
extinct species
Cenozoic |
 | Sea-cow |
Dusisiren (15.97～3.6 Mya),
Takikawa Sea Cow (5.33～2.59 Mya) |  | Primitive elephant |
Sinomastodon (1.81～0.781 Mya; ５．３m) | | Elephant |
Stegodon (11.61～0.01 Mya; ５m),
Naumann's elephant (1.81～0.781 Mya),
Armenian mammoth (1.81～0.01 Mya) | | Paenungulata |
Behemotops (33.9～23.03 Mya),
Ashoroa (28.4～23.03 Mya),
Desmostylus (28.4～7.25 Mya),
Paleoparadoxia (23.03～7.25 Mya) |  | Whale |
Squalodon (33.9～1.81 Mya) |  | Even-toed ungulate |
Bothriodon (37.2～33.3 Mya),
Sinomegaceros yabei (0.126～0.01 Mya; ３m) |  | Marine mammal |
Allodesmus (23.03～7.25 Mya) |  | Crocodile |
Toyotamaphimeia (1.81～0.01 Mya) |  | Bird |
Osteodontornis (60.2～0.01 Mya),
Copepteryx (28.4～23.03 Mya) |  | Shark |
Carcharodon megalodon (23.03～3 Mya; ２０m) |
Japan is an island country located in East Asia. It comprises four large Islands and a lot of small islands between the Pacific Ocean and the Japan Sea. Japan one of Biodiversity hotspots in the world. The following shows the distribution of animals in Japan.
| Japan | |
|
Japan
regionally extinct
in historic age |
| Sea-cow |
Steller's Sea Cow (0.3 Mya～AD1768; ８m) |  | Bat |
Sturdee's Pipistrelle (？～AD2000) |  | Carnivora |
Japanese Otter* (？～AD1979),
Hokkaido Wolf* (？～AD1889),
Japanese Wolf* (？～AD1930s) | | Marine mammal |
Japanese Sea Lion (？～AD1951) |  | Ibis |
Japanese Crested Ibis |  | Kingfisher |
Ryukyu Kingfisher (？～AD1887) | | Bird |
Bonin Wood-pigeon (？～AD1889),
Ryukyu Wood-pigeon (？～AD1936),
Bonin Thrush (？～AD1830s),
Bonin Grosbeak (？～AD1828),
Iwo White-browed Crake* (？～AD1924),
Ogasawara Rufous Night Heron* (？～AD1900s) |
|
Japan
extant species |
 | Primate |
Japanese Macaque |  | Rodent |
Eurasian Red Squirrel,
Japanese Squirrel,
Japanese Giant Flying Squirrel,
Japanese Flying Squirrel,
Siberian Flying Squirrel,
Siberian Chipmunk |  | Rabbit |
Northern Pika,
Amami Rabbit (Living fossil),
Japanese Hare,
Mountain Hare | | Even-toed ungulate |
Wild Boar,
Sika Deer,
Japanese serow | | Megabat |
Ryukyu Flying-fox,
Okinawa Flying-fox,
Bonin Flying Fox | | Carnivora |
Iriomote Cat (Living fossil),
Indian Gray Mongoose,
Red Fox,
Raccoon Dog,
Asiatic Black Bear,
Japanese Marten,
Sable,
Eurasian Badger,
Short-tailed weasel,
Japanese weasel,
Least weasel,
Ussuri Brown Bear* (３m) |  | Goose |
White-fronted Goose,
Taiga Bean-Goose,
Brent Goose,
Canada Goose,
Red-breasted Goose |  | Swan |
Whooper swan,
Tundra swan |  | Pheasant |
Green Pheasant ,
Common Pheasant |  | Stork |
Oriental Stork | | Ibis |
Black-headed Ibis,
Common Spoonbill,
Black-faced Spoonbill |  | Rail |
Okinawa Rail |  | Crane |
Common Crane ,
White-naped Crane ,
Hooded Crane ,
Red-crowned Crane |  | Owl |
Japanese Scops-owl | | endemic bird |
Copper Pheasant,
Amami Woodcock,
Japanese Woodpecker,
Lidth's Jay,
Bonin White-eye,
Izu Thrush,
Amami Thrush | | bird (CR) |
Crested Shelduck,
Spoon-billed Sandpiper,
Okinawa Woodpecker | | bird (EN) |
Baer's Pochard,
Chinese Merganser,
Spotted Greenshank,
Japanese Night Heron |
|
Japan
marine extant
species |
| Sea-cow |
Dugong | | Whale |
Bowhead Whale,
North Pacific Right Whale,
Fin Whale (２７m),
Blue Whale (３３m),
Common Minke Whale,
Sei Whale,
Eden's Whale,
Humpback Whale,
Gray Whale,
Sperm Whale,
Dwarf Sperm Whale,
Pygmy Sperm Whale,
Cuvier's Beaked Whale,
Baird's Beaked Whale,
Hubbs' Beaked Whale,
Ginko-toothed Beaked Whale,
Stejneger's Beaked Whale,
Blainville's Beaked Whale |  | Dolphin |
Rough-toothed Dolphin,
Bottlenose Dolphin,
Pantropical Spotted Dolphin,
Spinner Dolphin,
Striped Dolphin,
Short-beaked Common Dolphin,
Long-beaked Common Dolphin,
Fraser's Dolphin,
Pacific White-sided Dolphin,
Northern Right Whale Dolphin,
Risso's Dolphin,
Melon-headed Whale,
Pygmy Killer Whale,
False Killer Whale,
Orca,
Short-finned Pilot Whale,
Finless Porpoise,
Harbour Porpoise,
Dall's Porpoise | | Marine mammal |
Sea Otter,
Walrus (Massive migration),
Northern Fur Seal,
Steller Sea Lion,
Northern Elephant Seal,
Bearded Seal,
Common Seal,
Spotted Seal,
Ringed Seal,
Ribbon Seal |  | Turtle |
Loggerhead Sea Turtle,
Green turtle,
Hawksbill turtle,
Olive Ridley |  | Puffin |
Tufted Puffin |  | Frigatebird |
Lesser Frigatebird |  | Albatross |
Wandering Albatross,
Short-tailed Albatross,
Black-footed Albatross,
Laysan Albatross |  | Ray |
Red stingray,
Pitted stingray,
Manta ray,
Knifetooth sawfish | | Shark |
Whale shark (１２m),
Scalloped hammerhead,
Great hammerhead,
Basking shark,
Great white shark,
Shortfin mako,
Longfin mako,
Salmon shark |  | Marlin |
Indo-Pacific sailfish,
Black Marlin,
Striped Marlin |  | Tuna |
Pacific bluefin tuna |  | Horseshoe
crab |
Japanese horseshoe crab (Living fossil) |  | Crab |
Coconut crab (４０cm) |  | Squid |
Giant squid' (１３m) |  | Mangrove |
White mangrove',
Red mangrove',
Black mangrove' |
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Japan
small extant
species |
 | Mouse (CR) |
Okinawa spiny rat | | Mouse (EN) |
Ryukyu Spiny Rat,
Ryukyu Long-tailed Giant Rat |  | Mole (EN) |
Ryukyu Shrew | | Bat (CR) |
Gloomy Tube-nosed Bat,
Yanbaru Whiskered Bat | | Bat (EN) |
Endo's Pipistrelle,
Japanese short-tailed Bat,
Ryukyu Tube-nosed Bat,
Frosted Myotis,
Southeast Asian Long-Fingered Bat | | Turtle (EN) |
Chinese Pond Turtle,
Yellow-margined box turtle,
Ryukyu Black-breasted Leaf Turtle,
Asian Yellow Pond Turtle |  | Snake (EN) |
Kikuzato's Brook Snake |  | Salamander (CR) |
Abe's Salamander,
Oki Salamander | | Salamander (EN) |
Oita Salamander,
Hakuba Salamander,
Hokuriku Salamander |  | Newt (EN) |
Japanese Sword-Tailed Newt,
Anderson's Crocodile Newt |  | Frog (EN) |
Namiye's frog,
Holst's frog,
Isikawa's frog,
Ryukyu tip-nosed frog,
Otton Frog,
(Rana supranarina),
Kampira Falls Frog,
(Rana utsunomiyaorum),
Amami Tip-nosed Frog | | endangered-fish |
Japanese huchen |  | Swallowtail
butterfly |
Japanese Luehdorfia ,
Eversmann's Parnassian ,
Felder's Apollo ,
Glacial Apollo ,
(Parnassius stubbendorfi) ,
Dragon Swallowtail ,
Common Rose ,
Common Bluebottle ,
Common Jay ,
Chinese peacock … total 17 species |
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