|
Asia >
India - Animals in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity
The following fossils from the geologic age to the prehistorical age are excavated in India. The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
India
prehistoric age | |
|
India
extinct species
Paleozoic |
 | Mammal-like reptile |
Cistecephalus (260.5～253.8 Mya) | | Primitive amphibia |
Archegosaurus (297.5～258 Mya) |  | Trilobite |
Peronopsis (530～490 Mya),
Redlichia (530～501 Mya),
Cheirurus (452～383.7 Mya; Great Dying①) |  | Ammonite |
Cyclolobus (258～251 Mya) |
|
India
extinct species
Mesozoic |
| Mammal-like reptile |
Lystrosaurus (255～241 Mya; Great Dying③) | | Archosaurs |
Yarasuchus (245～237 Mya) |  | Flying reptile |
Campylognathoides (183.7～175.6 Mya) |  | Amored dino |
Hesperosaurus (150 Mya),
Brachypodosaurus (70.6～65.5 Mya) |  | Long-necked dino |
Barapasaurus (199.6～175.6 Mya),
Massospondylus (196.5～65.5 Mya),
Antarctosaurus (89.3～65.5 Mya),
Bruhathkayosaurus (78～74 Mya; ４４m) |  | Predatory dino |
Dandakosaurus (183～175 Mya),
Coeluroides (100～65.5 Mya),
Rajasaurus (70.6～65.5 Mya),
Ornithomimoides (70.6～65.5 Mya) | | Ammonite |
Ceratites (245～216.5 Mya),
Tropaeum (125～99.6 Mya),
Pachydiscus (93.5～65.5 Mya; ２m) |
|
India
extinct species
Cenozoic |
 | Primitive elephant |
Ishatherium (55.8～40.4 Mya),
Anthracobune (55.8～40.4 Mya),
Moeritherium (48.6～28.4 Mya),
Deinotherium (22.4～0.01 Mya; ５m),
Anancus (9～0.126 Mya) | | Elephant |
Stegodon (11.61～0.01 Mya; ５m) |  | Sea-cow |
Eotheroides (48.6～33.9 Mya),
Halitherium (48.6～11.61 Mya) |  | Primate |
Anthrasimias (55.8～48.6 Mya),
Sivapithecus (15.97～5.33 Mya),
Ankarapithecus (15.97～5.33 Mya),
Gigantopithecus (1.81～0.126 Mya; ３m) |  | Primitive whale |
Himalayacetus (55.8～48.6 Mya),
Andrewsiphius (55.8-40.4 Mya),
Pakicetus (55.8-40.4 Mya),
Remingtonocetus (48.6～40.4 Mya),
Dalanistes (48.6～40.4 Mya) |  | Even-toed ungulate |
Diacodexis (55.4～46.2 Mya),
Conohyus (15.97～9.7 Mya; Boar),
Giraffa priscilla (13.7～11.1 Mya),
Sivalik Hippopotamus (5.33～0.01 Mya; Hippo) |  | Odd-toed ungulate |
Aceratherium (33.9～3.4 Mya; Rhino),
Chalicotherium (16～7.75 Mya; Horse),
Chilotherium (13.7～3.4 Mya; Rhino),
Coelodonta antiquitatis (1.81～0.01 Mya; Rhino) | | Carnivora-like |
Dissopsalis (13.65～11.1 Mya) |  | Carnivora |
Amphicyon (20～1.81 Mya; Bear-dog) |  | Crocodile |
Rhamphosuchus (5～2 Mya; １１m) |  | Shark |
Carcharodon megalodon (23.03～3 Mya; ２０m) |
India is a country located in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country. It is bordered by Pakistan, China, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Myammer, and by the Indian Ocean to the south. The following shows the distribution of animals in India.
| India | |
|
India
regionally extinct
in historic age |
| Odd-toed ungulate |
Javan Rhinoceros,
Sumatran Rhinoceros | | Carnivora |
Asiatic Cheetah*,
Asiatic Lion* |  | Frog |
Philautus travancoricus (？～AD2004) |  | Bird |
Pale Crag Martin |
|
India
extant species |
| Elephant |
Indian Elephant* | | Treeshrew |
Northern Treeshrew | | Primate |
Rhesus Macaque,
Northern Plains Gray Langur,
Southern Plains Gray Langur |  | Rodent |
Indian Porcupine |  | Squirrel |
Indian Giant Squirrel,
Indian Giant Flying Squirrel,
Northern Palm Squirrel,
Indian Palm Squirrel |  | Rabbit |
Indian Hare |  | Hedgehog |
Indian Long-eared Hedgehog,
Brandt's Hedgehog,
Indian Hedgehog | | Odd-toed ungulate |
Donkey* | | Even-toed ungulate |
Wild Boar,
Indian Spotted Chevrotain,
Indian Sambar,
Central Asian Red Deer,
Chital deer,
Four-horned Antelope,
Nilgai,
Water buffalo,
Gaur,
Blackbuck,
Chinkara |  | Megabat |
Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat,
Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat,
Salim Ali's fruit bat |  | Pangolin |
Indian Pangolin | | Carnivora |
Wild Cat (Spotted),
Wild Cat (Spotted),
Jungle Cat,
Leopard Cat (Spotted),
Rusty-spotted Cat (Spotted),
Fishing Cat (Spotted),
Caracal (Tufted large ear),
Leopard (Spotted),
Tiger (Stripe),
Asian Palm Civet,
Small Indian Civet (Spotted),
Striped Hyena,
Small Asian Mongoose,
Indian Gray Mongoose,
Ruddy Mongoose,
Golden Jackal,
Indian Wolf,
Dhole,
Red Fox,
Bengal Fox,
Tibetan Sand Fox,
Sloth Bear (Slow and gentle),
Oriental Small-clawed Otter,
European otter,
Smooth-coated Otter,
Honey Badger | | Crocodile |
Indian gavial,
Mugger Crocodile,
Saltwater Crocodile |  | Monitor |
Water Monitor,
Yellow Mangrove Monitor,
Desert Monitor |  | Chameleon |
Indian Chameleon |  | Snake |
Reticulated python Largest snakes |  | Goose |
White-fronted Goose,
Taiga Bean-Goose,
Lesser White-fronted Goose,
Greylag Goose,
Bar-headed Goose | | Duck |
Pink-headed Duck |  | Swan |
Mute swan,
Whooper swan,
Tundra swan |  | Junglefowl |
Grey Junglefowl |  | Stork |
Painted Stork ,
Asian Openbill Stork,
Woolly-necked Stork,
White Stork,
Black Stork,
Black-necked Stork,
Lesser Adjutant,
Greater Adjutant |  | Ibis |
Black-headed Ibis,
Indian Black Ibis,
Glossy Ibis,
Common Spoonbill |  | Hornbill |
Malabar Grey Hornbill,
Indian Grey-Hornbill,
Malabar Pied Hornbill ,
Oriental Pied Hornbill ,
Great Hornbill ,
Rufous-necked Hornbill,
Wreathed Hornbill |  | Raptor |
Red-headed Vulture,
Indian White-rumped Vulture,
Indian Vulture,
Slender-billed Vulture |  | Crane |
Common Crane ,
Sarus Crane ,
Siberian Crane ,
Black-necked Crane ,
Demoiselle Crane (Highest flying) |  | Pelican |
White Pelican,
Dalmatian Pelican,
Spot-billed Pelican |  | Flamingo |
Lesser Flamingo |  | Parrot |
Alexandrine Parakeet ,
Rose-ringed Parakeet ,
Plum-headed Parakeet ,
Malabar Parakeet ,
Derbyan Parakeet |  | Owl |
Forest Owlet | | Bird |
Pink-headed Duck | | endemic bird |
Painted Bush-quail,
Rock Bush-quail,
Manipur Bush-quail,
Red Spurfowl,
Painted Spurfowl,
Grey Junglefowl ,
Nilgiri Wood-pigeon,
Malabar Parakeet ,
Malabar Grey Hornbill,
White-cheeked Barbet,
White-bellied Treepie,
Rufous-tailed Lark,
Malabar Lark,
Sykes's Lark,
Broad-Tailed Grassbird … total 33 endemic species | | bird (CR) |
Pink-headed Duck,
Himalayan Quail,
Spoon-billed Sandpiper,
Jerdon's Courser,
Sociable Lapwing,
White-bellied Heron,
Red-headed Vulture,
Bengal Florican,
Forest Owlet | | bird (EN) |
Baer's Pochard,
White-headed Duck,
White-winged Duck,
Spotted Greenshank,
Great Indian Bustard,
Rufous-breasted Laughingthrush |  | Swallowtail
butterfly |
(Parnassius stenosemus) ,
Common Rose ,
Crimson Rose ,
Malabar Rose ,
Common Bluebottle ,
Tailed Jay ,
Five-bar Swordtail ,
Common Jay ,
Spot Swordtail ,
Blue Peacock … total 20 species |
|
India
extant species
Northern India |
| Primate |
Nepal Gray Langur,
Kashmir Gray Langur,
Tarai Gray Langur | | Squirrel |
Namdapha flying squirrel,
Woolly Flying Squirrel,
Afghan Flying Squirrel,
Kashmir Flying Squirrel,
Red Giant Flying Squirrel,
Long-tailed Marmot,
Himalayan marmot | | Rabbit |
Plateau Pika,
Nubra Pika,
Moupin Pika,
Ladak Pika,
Large-eared Pika,
Royle's Pika,
Hispid Hare,
Cape Hare,
Woolly Hare | | Even-toed ungulate |
Dromedary,
Barasingha,
Hog Deer,
Yak,
Tibetan Gazelle,
Markhor,
Himalayan tahr,
Argali,
Urial,
Bharal,
Grey goral,
Tibetan antelope | | Megabat |
Indian Flying-fox,
Blanford's Fruit Bat | | Odd-toed ungulate |
Asiatic Ass,
Kiang,
Indian Rhinoceros | | Carnivora |
Eurasian Lynx (Spotted),
Snow Leopard (live in alpine),
Pallas's Cat,
Himalayan Wolf,
Brown Bear (３m),
Asiatic Black Bear,
Red Panda (Living fossil),
Beech Marten,
Burmese Ferret-badger,
Mountain weasel,
Short-tailed weasel,
Tibetan Wolf* |  | Pheasant |
Koklass Pheasant,
Kalij Pheasant,
White-eared Pheasant,
Cheer Pheasant ,
Himalayan Monal | | Parrot |
Slaty-headed Parakeet | | Swallowtail
butterfly |
Varnished Apollo ,
(Parnassius acdestis) ,
(Parnassius actius) ,
Regal Apollo ,
Common Red Apollo ,
Common Blue Apollo ,
Hannyngton's Apollo ,
Karakoram Banded Apollo ,
Maharaja Apollo ,
(Parnassius nadadevinensis) … total 24 species |
|
India
extant species
Eastern India |
| Treeshrew |
Madras Treeshrew | | Primate |
Bengal Slow Loris ,
Stump-tailed Macaque,
Assam Macaque,
Tibetan Macaque,
Arunachal Macaque,
Gee's Golden Langur ,
Phayre's Leaf Monkey,
Capped Langur,
Western Hoolock Gibbon | | Rodent |
Malayan Porcupine,
Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine | | Squirrel |
Black Giant Squirrel,
Hairy-footed flying squirrel,
Particolored Flying Squirrel,
Red Giant Flying Squirrel,
Spotted Giant Flying Squirrel,
Hodgson's Giant Flying Squirrel,
Bhutan Giant Flying Squirrel,
Pallas's squirrel,
Inornate squirrel,
Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel … total 13 species | | Rabbit |
Forrest's Pika | | Even-toed ungulate |
Pygmy Hog,
Himalayan Musk Deer,
Black Musk Deer,
Leaf muntjac (Smallest deer),
Eld's Deer,
Takin,
Red goral | | Megabat |
Long-tongued Fruit Bat,
Cave Nectar Bat,
Leschenault's Rousette,
Ratanaworabhan's Fruit Bat | | Pangolin |
Chinese Pangolin | | Carnivora |
Asian Golden Cat,
Marbled Cat (Spotted),
Clouded Leopard (Spotted),
Binturong,
Small-toothed Palm Civet,
Masked Palm Civet,
Spotted Linsang (Stripe),
Large Indian Civet (Spotted),
Large-spotted Civet (Spotted),
Crab-eating Mongoose,
Sun Bear,
Hog Badger,
Yellow-throated Marten,
Chinese Ferret-badger,
Yellow-bellied weasel,
Siberian weasel,
Black-striped weasel | | Junglefowl |
Red Junglefowl | | Pheasant |
Blood Pheasant,
Bar-tailed Pheasant ,
Sclater's Monal |  | Peafowl |
Grey Peacock Pheasant ,
Indian Peafowl ,
Green Peafowl | | Parrot |
Grey-headed Parakeet ,
Blossom-headed Parakeet ,
Vernal Hanging Parrot | | Swallowtail
butterfly |
Bhuttan Glory ,
Lesser Batwing ,
Rose Windmill ,
Chinese Windmill ,
De Nicéville's Windmill ,
Common Clubtail ,
Nevill's Windmill ,
Chain Swordtail ,
Spotted Jay ,
Great Jay … total 19 species |
|
India
extant species
Southern India |
| Primate |
Lion-tailed Macaque,
Bonnet Macaque,
Black-footed Gray Langur,
Tufted Gray Langur,
Nilgiri Langur | | Squirrel |
Grizzled Giant Squirrel,
Travancore Flying Squirrel,
Dusky Palm Squirrel,
Jungle Palm Squirrel | | Even-toed ungulate |
Nilgiri Tahr | | Carnivora |
Jerdon's Palm Civet,
Malabar Large-spotted Civet (Spotted),
Indian Brown Mongoose,
Stripe-necked Mongoose,
Nilgiri Marten |  | Tree |
Talipot palm (２５m) |
|
India
marine extant
species |
| Sea-cow |
Dugong |  | Dolphin |
Ganges and Indus River Dolphin |  | Turtle |
Green turtle,
Hawksbill turtle,
Olive Ridley,
Leatherback turtle |  | Frigatebird |
Great Frigatebird,
Lesser Frigatebird |  | Ray |
Whitenose whip ray,
Manta ray,
Knifetooth sawfish,
Largetooth sawfish,
Longcomb sawfish | | Shark |
Whale shark (１２m),
Scalloped hammerhead,
Great hammerhead,
Shortfin mako |  | Marlin |
Black Marlin |  | Horseshoe
crab |
Mangrove horseshoe crab ,
Costal horseshoe crab |  | Coral |
Table coral',
Brain corals' |  | Mangrove |
White mangrove',
Red mangrove',
Black mangrove' |
|
India
small extant
species |
 | Mouse (CR) |
Elvira Rat,
Kondana Soft-furred Rat,
Namdapha flying squirrel,
Andaman Shrew | | Mouse (EN) |
Manipur Bush Rat,
Nilgiri Long-tailed Tree Mouse,
Servant Mouse,
Kerala Rat,
Nonsense Rat |  | Mole (CR) |
Andaman Shrew,
Nicobar Shrew,
Jenkin's Shrew | | Mole (EN) |
Day's Shrew | | Bat (EN) |
Andaman Horseshoe Bat | | Turtle (CR) |
Giant river turtle,
Red-crowned Roofed Turtle | | Turtle (EN) |
Three-striped Roofed Turtle,
Assam Roofed Turtle,
Keeled box turtle,
Cochin Forest Cane Turtle,
Elongated Tortoise,
Asian Forest Tortoise,
Narrow Headed Soft Shelled Turtle,
Cantor's Giant Soft Shelled Turtle | | Frog (CR) |
(Fejervarya murthii),
(Indirana gundia),
(Indirana phrynoderma),
(Micrixalus kottigeharensis),
(Philautus chalazodes),
(Philautus griet),
(Philautus sanctisilvaticus),
(Philautus shillongensis),
(Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus) | | Frog (EN) |
Ornate Stream Toad,
Beddome's Toad,
Humbali Village Toad,
(Bufoides meghalayanus),
Warty Asian Tree Toad,
(Microhyla sholigari),
(Ramanella mormorata),
(Fejervarya nicobariensis),
(Fejervarya nilagirica),
(Indirana brachytarsus),
(Indirana diplosticta),
(Indirana leptodactyla),
(Micrixalus gadgili),
(Minervarya sahyadris),
(Nyctibatrachus aliciae),
(Nyctibatrachus beddomii),
(Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis),
(Nyctibatrachus minor),
(Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris),
(Nyctibatrachus vasanthi),
(Philautus charius),
(Philautus neelanethrus),
(Philautus signatus),
(Philautus tinniens),
(Philautus wynaadensis),
(Polypedates insularis),
(Rhacophorus calcadensis),
(Rhacophorus lateralis),
Purple frog (100 Mya～; Great Dying⑤) |
|