|
Asia >
China - Animals in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity
The following fossils from the geologic age to the prehistorical age are excavated in China. The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
China
prehistoric age | |
|
China
extinct species
Paleozoic |
 | Mammal-like reptile |
Dicynodon  (258～216.5 Mya; Great Dying③) | | Primtive tetrapod |
Megalocephalus (318～299 Mya) |  | Jawless fish |
Myllokunmingia (542 to 516 Mya; Earliest fish),
Haikouichthys (535～520 Mya; Earliest fish) | | Anomalocaridid |
Anomalocaris (530～501 Mya; ６０cm),
Amplectobelua (520～516 Mya),
Parapeytoia (520～516 Mya) | | Arachnomorpha |
Occacaris (542～496 Mya),
Canadaspis (520～501 Mya),
Fuxianhuia (520～516 Mya),
Leanchoilia (520～501 Mya),
Sidneyia (516～501 Mya),
Alalcomenaeus (513～501 Mya),
Forfexicaris (513～501 Mya) |  | Trilobite |
Misszhouia (542～525 Mya),
Naraoia (520～501 Mya),
Triarthrus (488.3～445.6 Mya),
Isotelus (479～445.6 Mya; ７２cm),
Asaphus (468.1～449 Mya),
Ceraurus (468.1～443.7 Mya),
Phacops (460.5～345.3 Mya; Great Dying①),
Pseudophillipsia (302～251 Mya) | | Primitive crustacean |
Waptia (520～501 Mya),
Odaraia (520～501 Mya) | | Primitive cephalopod |
Cameroceras (488.3～445.6 Mya; ９m) | | Primitive mollusc |
Hyolithes (530～253.8 Mya; Great Dying①②) | | Lobopodia |
Microdictyon (530～501 Mya),
Hallucigenia (520～501 Mya) | | Vetulicolia |
Yuyuanozoon (542～513 Mya),
Didazoon (520～516 Mya),
Xidazoon (520～516 Mya),
Yunnanozoon (520～516 Mya),
Vetulicola (520～513 Mya) |
|
China
extinct species
Mesozoic |
| Primitive mammal |
Volaticotherium (167.7-150.8 Mya),
Repenomamus (125～112 Mya) | | Primitive mammal |
Morganucodon (203.6～189.6 Mya; Great Dying④),
Castorocauda (167.7～150.8 Mya; Jurassic Beaver) | | Mammal-like reptile |
Cynognathus (249.7～228 Mya),
Oligokyphus (196.5～183 Mya) |  | Turtle |
Odontochelys (228～216.5 Mya; Oldest turtles) | | Marine reptile |
Chaohusaurus ,
Grippia (251～199.6 Mya) |  | Lizard |
Xianglong (130～125 Mya; Winged glider) |  | Primitive crocodile |
Hsisosuchus (171.6～161.2 Mya),
Peipehsuchus (164.7～161.2 Mya),
Chimaerasuchus (125～99.6 Mya) |  | Amored dino |
Hesperosaurus (150 Mya) |  | Bird-hipped dino |
Yandusaurus (161.2～155.7 Mya),
Lanzhousaurus (145.5～99.6 Mya),
Equijubus (130～112 Mya) |  | Duck-billed dino |
Jaxartosaurus (89.3～83.5 Mya),
Shantungosaurus (83.5～70.6 Mya),
Zhuchengosaurus (83.5～70.6 Mya; １６．６m),
Tsintaosaurus (83.5～70.6 Mya),
Wulagasaurus (70.6～65.5 Mya),
Charonosaurus (70.6～65.5 Mya) |  | Thick-headed dino |
Micropachycephalosaurus (Smallest dinos; ６０cm) |  | Long-necked dino |
Mamenchisaurus (175.6～99.6 Mya; Very long neck) |  | Large predatory dino |
Allosaurus (161.2～145.5 Mya),
Tarbosaurus (83.5～65.5 Mya; １２m),
Tyrannosaurus (83.5～65.5 Mya; １３m) |  | Predatory dino |
Monolophosaurus (164.7～161.2 Mya),
Sinraptor (161.2～155.7 Mya),
Guanlong (161.2～155.7 Mya),
Dilong (Dilong,130～112 Mya) |  | Ostrich dino |
Epidendrosaurus (167.7～150.8 Mya),
Sinornithomimus (93.5～89.3 Mya) | | Bird's relative dino |
Protarchaeopteryx (130～112 Mya),
Microraptor (125～112 Mya),
Mei (125～112 Mya),
Jinfengopteryx (122 Mya),
Gigantoraptor (89.3～65.5 Mya) | | Primitive amphibia |
Mastodonsaurus (245～199.6 Mya) |  | Primitive salamander |
Jeholotriton (167.7～150.8 Mya) | | Salamander |
Chunerpeton (167.7～145.5 Mya; Oldest salamander) |  | Primitive bird |
Changchengornis (145.5～125 Mya),
Eoconfuciusornis (136.4～125 Mya),
Confuciusornis (125～112 Mya),
Sinornis (125～112 Mya),
Jeholornis (125～112 Mya),
Omnivoropteryx (125～112 Mya),
Sapeornis (125～112 Mya),
Jinzhouornis (125 Mya) | | Cartilaginous fish |
Hybodus (268～65.5 Mya; Great Dying③④) | | Ray-finned fish |
Lepidotes (245～70.6 Mya; Great Dying④) | | Primitive cephalopod |
Orthoceras (479-203.6 Mya; Great Dying①②③) |  | Ammonite |
Asteroceras (203.6～189.6 Mya; Great Dying④),
Coroniceras (196.5～189.6 Mya),
Liparoceras (189.6～183 Mya),
Didymoceras (83.5～70.6 Mya; Paired Horns) |
|
China
extinct species
Cenozoic |
 | Primitive elephant |
Gomphotherium (23.8～0.01 Mya),
Platybelodon (13.7～5.33 Mya),
Anancus (9～0.126 Mya),
Sinomastodon (1.81～0.781 Mya; ５．３m) | | Elephant |
Stegodon (11.61～0.01 Mya; ５m),
Naumann's elephant (1.81～0.781 Mya),
Songhua River Mammoth (0.28 Mya; ５m),
Chinese Elephant (0.016 Mya) |  | Primate |
Teilhardina (55.4～50.3 Mya),
Eosimias (40.4～37.2 Mya),
Sivapithecus (15.97～5.33 Mya),
Ankarapithecus (15.97～5.33 Mya),
Lufengpithecus (12.75～5.3 Mya),
Gigantopithecus (1.81～0.126 Mya; ３m) |  | Hominid |
Homo erectus lantianensis (1 Mya),
Peking Man (0.78 Mya),
Homo erectus wushanensis (0.75 Mya),
Homo erectus yuanmouensis (0.73 Mya),
Homo erectus nankinensis (0.62 Mya) | | Ungulate |
Sinonyx (58.7～1.81 Mya) |  | Even-toed ungulate |
Bothriodon (37.2～33.3 Mya),
Entelodon (37.2～28.4 Mya; ４．６m),
Daeodon (37.2～16.3 Mya; Terrible hog),
Kubanochoerus (20.43～7.25 Mya; Boar),
Paleotragus (13.65～7.75 Mya; Giraffe),
Samotherium (13.65～5.3 Mya; Giraffe),
Shansitherium (11.6～5.3 Mya; Giraffe),
Eucladoceros (3.2～0.126 Mya; Deer) |  | Odd-toed ungulate |
Propalaeotherium (55.8～33.9 Mya; Horse),
Hyracotherium (55.4～48.6 Mya; Horse),
Embolotherium (37.2～33.9 Mya; ５m),
Paraceratherium (37.2～23.03 Mya; ８m),
Aceratherium (33.9～3.4 Mya; Rhino),
Chalicotherium (16～7.75 Mya; Horse),
Hipparion (12.7～0.01 Mya; Three-toed Horse),
Sinotherium (9～5.3 Mya; Rhino),
Elasmotherium (3.6～0.126 Mya; ６m),
Coelodonta antiquitatis (1.81～0.01 Mya; Rhino) |  | Pangolin-like |
Ernanodon (60～55 Mya),
Coryphodon (56.8～46.2 Mya) |  | Saber-toothed cat |
Eusmilus (37.2～28.4 Mya; ２．５m),
Homotherium (13.65～0.01 Mya),
Machairodus (11.61～0.126 Mya; ２．５m),
Paramachairodus (9～0.781 Mya),
Metailurus (9～0.126 Mya; Cat) |  | Carnivora |
Cynodictis (37.2～28.4 Mya; Bear-dog),
Amphicyon (20～1.81 Mya; Bear-dog),
Hemicyon (16.9～13.65 Mya; Dog-bear),
Pseudaelurus (16.9～0.126 Mya; Cat),
Percrocuta (13.65～2.59 Mya),
Agriotherium (13.6～2.6 Mya; Dog-bear),
Ailuaractos (11.6～5.3 Mya; Primitive panda),
Chasmaporthetes (4.9～0.781 Mya; Hyena),
Dwarf Panda (1.81～0.01 Mya) | | Crocodile |
Asiatosuchus (65.5～40.4 Mya) |
China is a country located in East Asia. It is bordered by Russia, Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Mymmer, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and North Korea, and by the East China Sea to the east and by the South China Sea to the south. The following shows the distribution of animals in China.
| China | |
|
China
regionally extinct
in historic age |
| Odd-toed ungulate |
Javan Rhinoceros | | Even-toed ungulate |
Père David's Deer (Four unlikes) | | Turtle |
Yunnan box turtle (？～AD1906) |  | Newt |
Yunnan Lake Newt (？～AD1979) |  | Stork |
Asian Openbill Stork |
|
China
extant species |
 | Rabbit |
Gansu Pika/Gray Pika,
Plateau Pika,
Thomas's Pika,
Chinese Red Pika,
Helan Shan Pika |  | Hedgehog |
Amur Hedgehog,
Long-eared Hedgehog,
Daurian Hedgehog,
Hugh's Hedgehog | | Even-toed ungulate |
Reeves's Muntjac,
Hairy-fronted Muntjac,
Sika Deer,
Central Asian Red Deer,
Chinese water deer,
Eurasian Elk | | Carnivora |
Leopard Cat (Spotted),
Eurasian Lynx (Spotted),
Leopard (Spotted),
Tiger (Stripe),
Pallas's Cat,
Masked Palm Civet,
Gray Wolf,
Dhole,
Corsac Fox,
Raccoon Dog,
Brown Bear (３m),
Asiatic Black Bear,
European otter,
Hog Badger,
Yellow-throated Marten,
Beech Marten,
Chinese Ferret-badger,
Mountain weasel,
Short-tailed weasel,
Steppe polecat,
Least weasel,
Siberian weasel,
Marbled Polecat (Spotted) | | Crocodile |
Chinese Alligator |  | Goose |
White-fronted Goose,
Swan Goose,
Taiga Bean-Goose,
Lesser White-fronted Goose,
Greylag Goose,
Bar-headed Goose ,
Brent Goose,
Canada Goose |  | Swan |
Mute swan,
Whooper swan,
Tundra swan |  | Pheasant |
Koklass Pheasant,
Brown Eared Pheasant ,
White-eared Pheasant,
Blue Eared Pheasant,
Reeve's Pheasant ,
Elliot's Pheasant ,
Common Pheasant,
Chinese Monal | | Stork |
Painted Stork ,
Oriental Stork,
White Stork,
Black Stork,
Lesser Adjutant |  | Ibis |
Black-headed Ibis,
White-shouldered Ibis,
Japanese Crested Ibis,
Glossy Ibis,
Common Spoonbill,
Black-faced Spoonbill |  | Crane |
Common Crane ,
Sarus Crane ,
Siberian Crane ,
White-naped Crane ,
Hooded Crane ,
Black-necked Crane ,
Red-crowned Crane ,
Demoiselle Crane (Highest flying) |  | Pelican |
White Pelican,
Dalmatian Pelican,
Spot-billed Pelican | | endemic bird |
Przevalski's Partridge,
White-necklaced Partridge,
Hainan Partridge,
Chestnut-Throated Partridge,
Brown Eared Pheasant ,
Blue Eared Pheasant,
Reeve's Pheasant ,
Elliot's Pheasant ,
Golden Pheasant ,
Cabot's Tragopan ,
Chinese Monal ,
Severtzov's Grouse,
Vaurie's Nightjar,
Silver Oriole,
Sichuan Jay … total 50 endemic species | | bird (CR) |
Spoon-billed Sandpiper,
Chinese Crested Tern,
Blue-crowned Laughingthrush | | bird (EN) |
Swan Goose,
Baer's Pochard,
Chinese Merganser,
Sichuan Partridge,
Spotted Greenshank,
Japanese Night Heron,
White-eared Night Heron |  | Swallowtail
butterfly |
Mansfield's Three-tailed Swallowtail ,
Japanese Luehdorfia ,
Chinese Luehdorfia ,
Varnished Apollo ,
Apollo ,
Tytler's Apollo ,
Common Red Apollo ,
(Parnassius hide) ,
(Parnassius labeyriei) ,
(Parnassius nosei) … total 15 species |
|
China
extant species
Northeast China |
 | Rodent |
European Beaver |  | Squirrel |
Eurasian Red Squirrel,
Siberian Flying Squirrel,
Tarbagan Marmot | | Rabbit |
Northern Pika,
Daurian Pika,
Mountain Hare,
Manchurian Hare,
Korean Hare | | Odd-toed ungulate |
Wild Horse,
Asiatic Ass | | Even-toed ungulate |
Siberian Musk Deer,
Elk,
Siberian Roe Deer,
Mongolian Gazelle (Massive migration),
Chinese goral | | Carnivora |
Sable | | Swallowtail
butterfly |
(Parnassius bremeri) ,
Felder's Apollo ,
Glacial Apollo ,
(Parnassius stubbendorfi) ,
Tenedius Apollo ,
Dragon Swallowtail |
|
China
extant species
Southwest China |
| Elephant |
Indian Elephant* | | Treeshrew |
Northern Treeshrew | | Primate |
Stump-tailed Macaque,
Rhesus Macaque,
Assam Macaque,
Tibetan Macaque,
Capped Langur,
Francois' Langur,
White-headed Langur,
Golden Snub-nosed Monkey (live in cold alpine),
Black Snub-nosed Monkey,
Gray Snub-nosed Monkey,
White-handed Gibbon,
Western Hoolock Gibbon,
Black Crested Gibbon,
Eastern Black Crested Gibbon,
White-cheeked Crested Gibbon | | Rodent |
Malayan Porcupine,
Indian Porcupine,
Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine | | Squirrel |
Black Giant Squirrel,
Groove-toothed Flying Squirrel,
Hairy-footed flying squirrel,
Particolored Flying Squirrel,
Indochinese Flying Squirrel,
Red Giant Flying Squirrel,
Red And White Giant Flying Squirrel,
Spotted Giant Flying Squirrel,
Bhutan Giant Flying Squirrel,
Indian Giant Flying Squirrel … total 25 species | | Rabbit |
Pallas's Pika,
Nubra Pika,
Moupin Pika,
Forrest's Pika,
Gaoligong Pika,
Glover's Pika,
Himalayan Pika,
Muli Pika,
Chinese Hare,
Yunnan Hare,
Hainan Hare | | Hedgehog |
Short-tailed Gymnure,
Hainan Gymnure,
Shrew Gymnure | | Even-toed ungulate |
Dwarf Musk Deer,
Black Musk Deer,
Indian Muntjac,
Fea's Muntjac,
Gongshan muntjac,
Tufted deer,
Indian Sambar,
Eld's Deer,
Hog Deer,
Gayal,
Takin,
Dwarf blue sheep,
Red goral |  | Megabat |
Long-tongued Fruit Bat,
Cave Nectar Bat,
Geoffroy's Rousette,
Leschenault's Rousette,
Lyle's Flying Fox,
Large Flying Fox,
Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat,
Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat,
Blanford's Fruit Bat | | Pangolin |
Chinese Pangolin,
Sunda Pangolin | | Carnivora |
Jungle Cat,
Fishing Cat (Spotted),
Asian Golden Cat,
Marbled Cat (Spotted),
Clouded Leopard (Spotted),
Binturong,
Small-toothed Palm Civet,
Asian Palm Civet,
Owston's Palm Civet (Stripe),
Spotted Linsang (Stripe),
Malayan Civet (Spotted),
Large Indian Civet (Spotted),
Large-spotted Civet (Spotted),
Small Indian Civet (Spotted),
Small Asian Mongoose,
Crab-eating Mongoose,
Giant Panda ,
Sun Bear,
Red Panda (Living fossil),
Oriental Small-clawed Otter,
Smooth-coated Otter,
Yellow-bellied weasel,
Black-striped weasel | | Lizard |
Chinese water dragon |  | Junglefowl |
Red Junglefowl | | Pheasant |
Blood Pheasant,
Silver Pheasant,
Kalij Pheasant,
Bar-tailed Pheasant ,
Golden Pheasant ,
Himalayan Monal ,
Sclater's Monal |  | Peafowl |
Grey Peacock Pheasant ,
Green Peafowl |  | Parrot |
Alexandrine Parakeet ,
Slaty-headed Parakeet ,
Grey-headed Parakeet ,
Blossom-headed Parakeet ,
Derbyan Parakeet ,
Red-breasted Parakeet ,
Vernal Hanging Parrot | | Swallowtail
butterfly |
Bhuttan Glory ,
(Parnassius actius) ,
Bailey's Apollo ,
Large Keeled Apollo ,
Lesser Batwing ,
Great Windmill ,
Rose Windmill ,
Chinese Windmill ,
De Nicéville's Windmill ,
Common Rose … total 27 species |
|
China
extant species
Western China |
| Rabbit |
Kozlov's Pika,
Ladak Pika,
Large-eared Pika,
Royle's Pika,
Turkestan Red Pika,
Ili Pika,
Yarkand Hare,
Woolly Hare | | Even-toed ungulate |
Bactrian Camel,
Himalayan Musk Deer,
Thorold's deer,
Yak,
Goitered Gazelle,
Tibetan Gazelle,
Przewalski's Gazelle,
Saiga Antelope (Long nose to warmup),
Siberian ibex,
Himalayan tahr,
Argali,
Bharal,
Tibetan antelope | | Megabat |
Indian Flying-fox | | Odd-toed ungulate |
Kiang | | Carnivora |
Wild Cat (Spotted),
Chinese Mountain Cat,
Snow Leopard (live in alpine),
Tibetan Sand Fox,
Eurasian Badger | | Swallowtail
butterfly |
Chinese Three-tailed Swallowtai ,
(Parnassius acdestis) ,
Eversmann's Apollo ,
(Parnassius cephalus) ,
Regal Apollo ,
Common Blue Apollo ,
(Parnassius huberi) ,
Imperial Apollo ,
Keeled Apollo ,
(Parnassius loxias) … total 19 species |
|
China
marine extant
species |
 | Sea-cow |
Dugong |  | Dolphin |
Chinese River Dolphin |  | Marine mammal |
Bearded Seal,
Common Seal,
Spotted Seal,
Ringed Seal | | Turtle |
Loggerhead Sea Turtle,
Green turtle,
Hawksbill turtle,
Leatherback turtle |  | Frigatebird |
Great Frigatebird |  | Albatross |
Black-footed Albatross |  | Ray |
Red stingray,
Manta ray,
Knifetooth sawfish,
Longcomb sawfish |  | Shark |
Whale shark (１２m),
Scalloped hammerhead,
Great hammerhead,
Basking shark,
Shortfin mako |  | Marlin |
Indo-Pacific sailfish,
Black Marlin |  | Tuna |
Pacific bluefin tuna |  | Horseshoe
crab |
Japanese horseshoe crab |
|
China
small extant
species |
 | Mouse (EN) |
Manipur Bush Rat | | Turtle (CR) |
Yellow-headed box turtle,
Indochinese box turtle,
Mccord's box turtle,
Pan's box turtle,
Three-banded box turtle,
Zhou's box turtle,
Shanghai soft-shell turtle | | Turtle (EN) |
Big-headed Turtle,
Chinese Broad-headed Pond Turtle,
Red-necked Pond Turtle,
Chinese Pond Turtle,
Yellow-margined box turtle,
Black-breasted Hill Turtle,
Asian Yellow Pond Turtle,
Chinese Stripe-necked Turtle,
Keeled box turtle,
Beal's Eyed Turtle,
Four-eyed Turtle,
Wattle-necked Soft-shelled Turtle,
Cantor's Giant Soft Shelled Turtle | | Salamander (CR) |
Chinese giant salamander (１．８m),
Amji's salamander | | Salamander (EN) |
(Batrachuperus cochranae),
Longdong Stream Salamander,
Chinese salamander,
Yunan Salamander | | Newt (CR) |
Chinhai Spiny Newt | | Newt (EN) |
Dayang Fire Belly newt,
Guangxi Warty Newt,
Hainan Knobby Newt |  | Frog (CR) |
(Oreolalax liangbeiensis),
(Scutiger maculatus),
Chevron-spotted Brown Frog | | Frog (EN) |
(Leptolalax alpinus),
(Oreolalax chuanbeiensis),
(Oreolalax omeimontis),
(Oreolalax pingii),
(Oreolalax puxiongensis),
(Scutiger chintingensis),
(Scutiger muliensis),
(Scutiger ningshanensis),
(Scutiger pingwuensis),
(Vibrissaphora boringii),
(Vibrissaphora leishanensis),
Short-legged horned toad,
(Amolops hainanensis),
Hong Kong Cascade Frog,
(Chaparana unculuanus),
(Paa boulengeri),
(Paa maculosa),
(Paa robertingeri),
(Paa yunnanensis),
(Chirixalus romeri),
(Philautus ocellatus),
(Philautus romeri),
(Polypedates yaoshanensis),
(Rhacophorus aurantiventris),
(Rhacophorus minimus),
(Rhacophorus yaoshanensis) |
|