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Peru - Animals in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity
The following fossils from the geologic age to the prehistorical age are excavated in Peru. The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
Peru is a country located in the northwest of South America and the tropical zone. It is bordered by Ecuador to the north, by Chile to the south and by Brazil and Bolivia to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Peru is one of Biodiversity hotspots in the world. The following shows the distribution of animals in Peru.
| Peru | |
|
Peru
regionally extinct
in historic age |
 | Rodent |
Peruvian plains viscacha (？～AD1910) |  | Rail |
Red-throated Wood-rail (？～AD1843) |
|
Peru
extant species |
 | Opossum |
Water Opossum (Stripe),
White-eared Opossum,
Common Opossum,
Aceramarca Gracile Opossum,
Agile Gracile Opossum,
Kalinowski's Mouse Opossum,
Heavy-browed Mouse Opossum,
Linnaeus's Mouse Opossum,
Robinson's Mouse Opossum,
Rufous Mouse Opossum … total 26 species | | Shrew opossum |
Grey-bellied Shrew Opossum,
Peruvian Shrew Opossum |  | Armadillo |
Nine-banded Armadillo,
Great Long-nosed Armadillo,
Hairy Long-nosed Armadillo,
Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo,
Giant Armadillo |  | Sloth |
Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth,
Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth,
Linnaeus's Two-toed Sloth |  | Anteater |
Silky Anteater,
Giant Anteater,
Northern Tamandua,
Southern Tamandua |  | Primate |
Pygmy Marmoset,
Goeldi's Marmoset,
Black-mantled Tamarin,
Brown-mantled Tamarin,
Emperor Tamarin,
Moustached Tamarin,
White-lipped Tamarin,
Golden-mantled Tamarin,
Tufted Capuchin,
White-fronted Capuchin,
Black-capped Squirrel Monkey,
Spix's Night Monkey,
Peruvian Night Monkey,
Nancy Ma's Night Monkey,
Black-headed Night Monkey,
Monk Saki,
Rio Tapajós Saki,
Equatorial Saki,
Bald Uakari,
Rio Mayo Titi,
Brown Titi,
Chestnut-bellied Titi,
Coppery Titi,
White-tailed Titi,
Lucifer Titi,
Mantled Howler,
Venezuelan Red Howler,
White-fronted Spider Monkey,
Peruvian Spider Monkey,
Brown Woolly Monkey,
Gray Woolly Monkey,
Silvery Woolly Monkey,
Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey | | Rodent |
Bicolored-spined Porcupine,
Black Agouti,
Kalinowski Agouti,
Central American Agouti,
Red Acouchi,
Lowland Paca,
Mountain Paca,
Pacarana,
Montane Guinea Pig,
Guinea Pig,
Common Yellow-toothed Cavy,
Capybara (１．３m),
Northern Viscacha,
Southern Viscacha,
Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel |  | Rabbit |
Tapeti |  | Odd-toed ungulate |
Brazilian Tapir,
Mountain Tapir |  | Even-toed ungulate |
White-lipped Peccary,
Collared Peccary,
Guanaco,
Vicuña,
White-tailed deer,
Marsh Deer,
Red Brocket,
Dwarf Brocket,
Brown Brocket,
Northern Pudu,
Taruca |  | Carnivora |
Cougar,
Jaguarundi,
Colocolo (Spotted),
Ocelot (Spotted),
Andean Mountain Cat (Spotted),
Oncilla (Spotted),
Margay (Spotted),
Jaguar (Spotted),
Short-eared Dog,
Culpeo,
Argentine Grey Fox,
Sechura Fox,
Maned Wolf (Fast runner),
Bush Dog,
Spectacled Bear (More vegetarian),
Striped Hog-nosed Skunk,
Andes skunk,
Neotropical Otter,
Marine Otter,
Giant Otter,
Tayra,
Lesser Grison,
Greater Grison,
Tropical weasel,
Long-tailed weasel,
Crab-eating Raccoon,
South American Coati,
Kinkajou,
Allen's Olingo |  | Crocodile |
Cuvier's Dwarf Caiman,
Smooth-fronted Caiman,
Spectacled Caiman,
American Crocodile |  | Iguana |
Green Iguana |  | Snake |
Green anaconda Largest snakes |  | Rhea |
Darwin's rhea |  | Curassow |
Bare-faced Curassow |  | Goose |
Orinoco Goose |  | Stork |
Wood Stork,
Jabiru |  | Ibis |
Plumbeous Ibis,
Buff-necked Ibis,
Green Ibis,
Whispering Ibis,
White-faced Ibis,
Roseate Spoonbill |  | Condor |
American Black Vulture,
Turkey Vulture,
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture,
Greater Yellow-headed Vulture,
Andean Condor,
King Vulture | | Rail |
Junin Rail |  | Pelican |
Brown Pelican |  | Toucan |
Channel-billed Toucan ,
White-throated Toucan ,
Toco Toucan ,
Black-mandibled Toucan |  | Parrot |
Glaucous Macaw ,
Hyacinth Macaw ,
Blue-and-yellow Macaw ,
Green-winged Macaw ,
Blue-headed Macaw ,
Blue-winged Macaw ,
Golden-collared Macaw ,
Blue-crowned Parakeet ,
White-eyed Parakeet ,
Peach-fronted Parakeet … total 23 species |  | Owl |
Long-whiskered Owlet |  | Bird |
Hoatzin (Living fossil; 48 Mya～) | | endemic bird |
Chaco Nothura | | bird (CR) |
White-winged Guan,
Junin Flightless Grebe,
Chatham Albatross,
Royal Cinclodes,
Iquitos Gnatcatcher | | bird (EN) |
Southern Helmeted Curassow,
Titicaca Flightless Grebe,
Purple-backed Sunbeam,
Royal Sunangel,
Gray-bellied Comet,
Marvelous Spatuletail (Courtship display with tail),
Yellow-browed Toucanet ,
Ash-breasted Tit-Tyrant,
Rufous Flycatcher,
Slaty Becard,
Peruvian Plantcutter,
White-bellied Cinclodes,
White-browed Tit-spinetail,
Blackish-headed Spinetail,
Russet-bellied Spinetail,
Ash-throated Antwren,
Jocotoco Antpitta,
Ochre-fronted Antpitta,
Yellow-faced Redstart,
Plain-tailed Warbling-finch,
Rufous-breasted Warbling-finch,
Golden-backed Mountain-tanager,
Black-spectacled Brush-finch |  | Flower |
(Puya raimondii) |
|
Peru
marine extant
species |
 | Sea-cow |
Amazonian Manatee |  | Dolphin |
Tucuxi,
Amazon River Dolphin |  | Marine mammal |
South American Fur Seal,
South American Sea Lion |  | Turtle |
Green turtle,
Olive Ridley | | seabird |
Peruvian Tern,
Cook's Petrel,
Peruvian Diving-petrel |  | Ray |
Manta ray |  | Shark |
Whale shark (１２m),
Basking shark,
Shortfin mako |  | Marlin |
Indo-Pacific sailfish,
Black Marlin,
Striped Marlin |
|
Peru
small extant
species |
 | Mouse (CR) |
Short-tailed Chinchilla,
Zuniga's Dark Rice Rat | | Mouse (EN) |
Definitive Leaf-eared Mouse |  | Bat (EN) |
Smokey Bat,
Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat |  | Frog (CR) |
Andes Stubfoot Toad,
(Atelopus epikeisthos),
Carabaya Stubfoot Toad,
Schmidt's Stubfoot Toad,
Peru Stubfoot Toad,
(Atelopus pulcher),
(Atelopus pyrodactylus),
(Atelopus reticulatus),
Upper Amazon Stubfoot Toad,
(Rhinella chavin),
Oxapampa Poison Frog ,
(Phrynopus carpish),
(Phrynopus dagmarae),
(Phrynopus heimorum),
(Phrynopus horstpauli),
(Phrynopus juninensis),
(Phrynopus kauneorum),
(Phrynopus lucida),
(Phrynopus parkeri),
(Phrynopus simonsii),
(Phrynopus tautzorum),
Titicaca Water Frog | | Frog (EN) |
(Atelopus dimorphus),
Laguna Toad,
(Centrolene azulae),
(Centrolene fernandoi),
(Centrolene mariae),
(Cochranella saxiscandens),
Marañón Poison Frog (Orange spotted),
(Dendrobates sirensis) ,
Sky-blue Poison Frog ,
(Hyloxalus elachyhistus) ,
(Phyllomedusa baltea),
Charazani Treefrog,
(Gastrotheca stictopleura),
(Hemiphractus johnsoni),
(Eleutherodactylus cosnipatae),
(Eleutherodactylus cryptomelas),
(Eleutherodactylus rhodoplichus),
(Phrynopus boettgeri),
(Phrynopus bracki),
(Phrynopus bustamantei),
(Phrynopus cophites),
(Phrynopus montium),
(Phrynopus peruvianus),
(Batrachophrynus brachydactylus),
Lake Junin,
(Telmatobius brevipes),
(Telmatobius brevirostris),
(Telmatobius colanensis),
(Telmatobius degener),
(Telmatobius ignavus),
(Telmatobius latirostris),
(Telmatobius mayoloi),
(Telmatobius necopinus),
(Telmatobius thompsoni),
(Telmatobius truebae) |  | Swallowtail
butterfly |
Garlepp's Swallowtail ,
(Parides pizarro) |
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