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Mexico - Animals in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity
The following fossils from the geologic age to the prehistorical age are excavated in Mexico. The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
Mexico
prehistoric age | |
|
Mexico
extinct species
Paleozoic |
 | Ray-finned fish |
Cheirolepis  (380.8～367 Mya) |  | Trilobite |
Leurostega (490～479 Mya),
Plicatolinella (490～479 Mya),
Triarthrus (488.3～445.6 Mya) |
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Mexico
extinct species
Mesozoic |
 | Marine reptile |
Shastasaurus (228～216.5 Mya) |  | Primitive crocodile |
Dakosaurus (161.2～112 Mya),
Geosaurus (161.2～145.5 Mya),
Cricosaurus (160～136 Mya) |  | Flying reptile |
Dimorphodon (199.6～175.6 Mya) |  | Duck-billed dino |
Velafrons (83.5～70.6 Mya) |  | Predatory dino |
Labocania (83.5～70.6 Mya) | | Cartilaginous fish |
Helicoprion (279.5～268 Mya; Spiral Saw),
Hybodus (268～65.5 Mya; Great Dying③④) |  | Ammonite |
Crioceratites (140.2～99.6 Mya),
Baculites (140.2～61.7 Mya; Great Dying⑤),
Desmoceras (130～112 Mya),
Hamites (130～65.5 Mya; Heteromorphs),
Douvilleiceras (125～93.5 Mya),
Acanthoceras (112～89.3 Mya),
Kamerunoceras (99.6～89.3 Mya) |
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Mexico
extinct species
Cenozoic |
 | Primitive armadillo |
Holmesina (3.6～0.01 Mya),
Glyptotherium (1.81～0.01 Mya),
Pampatherium (1.2～0.01 Mya) |  | Ground sloth |
Glossotherium (6.8～0.01 Mya),
Nothrotheriops (4.9～0.01 Mya),
Paramylodon (1.81～0.01 Mya) |  | Primitive elephant |
Gomphotherium (23.8～0.01 Mya),
Rhynchotherium (13.65～3.6 Mya),
Stegomastodon (10.3～0.01 Mya),
Cuvieronius (10.3～0.01 Mya) | | Elephant |
American mastodon (23.03～0.012 Mya; ５m),
Columbian mammoth (0.781～0.01 Mya) |  | Sea-cow |
Cuesta Sea Cow (5.33～-2.59 Mya) | | Paenungulata |
Cornwallius (28.4～23.03 Mya),
Desmostylus (28.4～7.25 Mya),
Paleoparadoxia (23.03～7.25 Mya) | | Ungulate |
Phenacodus (63.3～48.6 Mya) |  | Even-toed ungulate |
Diacodexis (55.4～46.2 Mya),
Synthetoceras (13.6～5.33 Mya),
Palaeolama (1.81～0.01 Mya),
Giant Bison (0.781～0.01 Mya) |  | Odd-toed ungulate |
Mesohippus (42～30.8 Mya; Horse),
Merychippus (20.4～10.3 Mya; Three-toed Horse),
Astrohippus (13.6～5.33 Mya; Horse) |  | Pangolin-like |
Barylambda (60.2～50.3 Mya) |  | Saber-toothed cat |
Homotherium (13.65～0.01 Mya),
Machairodus (11.61～0.126 Mya; ２．５m),
Smilodon (1.81～0.01 Mya; ２．１m) |  | Carnivora |
Pseudaelurus (16.9～0.126 Mya; Cat),
Agriotherium (13.6～2.6 Mya; Dog-bear),
Chasmaporthetes (4.9～0.781 Mya; Hyena),
Florida Cave Bear (4.9-0.01 Mya),
Dire Wolf (1.81～0.01 Mya),
Giant Short-faced Bear (1.81～0.01 Mya),
American cheetah (1.81～0.01 Mya) |  | Marine mammal |
Allodesmus (23.03～7.25 Mya),
Aivukus (7.25～5.33 Mya) |  | Shark |
Carcharodon megalodon (23.03～3 Mya; ２０m) |
Mexico is a country located in the south Notrh America. It bordered by United States to the north and by Guatemala to the south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the Caribbean Sea to the west. There is the mountain ranges in the central. Mexico is one of Biodiversity hotspots in the world. The following shows the distribution of animals in Mexico.
| Mexico | |
|
Mexico
regionally extinct
in historic age |
 | Rodent |
Anthony's Woodrat (？～AD1905),
Bunker's Woodrat (？～AD1931),
San Martin Island Woodrat (？～AD1950s),
Nelson's Rice Rat (？～AD1897) | | Carnivora |
Brown Bear (３m) | | Marine mammal |
Caribbean Monk Seal (3.6 Mya～AD1952) |  | Bird |
Guadalupe Caracara (？～AD1903),
Socorro Dove,
Slender-billed Grackle (？～AD1910) |
|
Mexico
extant species |
| Opossum |
Water Opossum (Stripe),
Virginia Opossum,
Common Opossum,
Mexican Mouse Opossum,
Gray Four-eyed Opossum,
Grayish Mouse Opossum,
Derby's Woolly Opossum | | Armadillo |
Nine-banded Armadillo,
Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo |  | Anteater |
Silky Anteater,
Northern Tamandua,
Guatemalan Black Howler,
Geoffroy's Spider Monkey | | Rodent |
American Beaver,
North American Porcupine,
Mexican Hairy Dwarf Porcupine,
Central American Agouti,
Lowland Paca |  | Squirrel |
Mexican Gray Squirrel,
Collie's Squirrel,
Yucatan Squirrel,
Variegated Squirrel,
Deppe's Squirrel,
Eastern Fox Squirrel,
Peters's Squirrel,
Allen's Squirrel,
Mexican Fox Squirrel,
Arizona Gray Squirrel … total 33 species |  | Rabbit |
Volcano Rabbit (Living fossil),
Tapeti,
Omilteme Cottontail,
Desert Cottontail,
Eastern Cottontail,
Tres Marias Rabbit,
Brush Rabbit,
San Jose Brush Rabbit,
Mexican Cottontail,
Antelope Jackrabbit,
Black-tailed Jackrabbit,
White-sided Jackrabbit,
Tehuantepec Jackrabbit,
Black Jackrabbit | | Odd-toed ungulate |
Baird's Tapir | | Even-toed ungulate |
White-lipped Peccary,
White-tailed deer,
Mule deer,
Red Brocket,
Yucatan Brown Brocket,
Pronghorn (run faster in long distance),
American bighorn sheep | | Carnivora |
Cougar,
Jaguarundi,
Bobcat (Spotted),
Ocelot (Spotted),
Margay (Spotted),
Jaguar (Spotted),
Gray Wolf,
Coyote,
Gray Fox,
American Black Bear,
Striped Skunk,
Hooded Skunk,
Eastern Spotted Skunk,
Pygmy Spotted Skunk,
Eastern Hog-nosed Skunk,
Striped Hog-nosed Skunk,
North American River Otter,
Neotropical Otter,
Tayra,
Greater Grison,
Long-tailed weasel,
American Badger,
Common Raccoon,
Tres Marias Raccoon,
Cozumel Raccoon,
White-nosed Coati,
Cozumel Island Coati,
Ringtail,
Cacomistle,
Kinkajou |  | Turtle |
Common Snapping Turtle | | Crocodile |
Spectacled Caiman,
American Crocodile,
Morelet's Crocodile | | Venomous lizard |
Beaded lizard ,
Gila monster | | Basilisk |
Brown basilisk (Running in water) |  | Iguana |
Black Spinytail Iguana,
Northeastern Spinytail Iguana,
Campeche Spinytail Iguana,
Balsas Armed Lizard,
Yucatán Spinytail Iguana,
Cape Spinytail Iguana,
Oaxacan Spinytail Iguana,
Mexican Spinytail Iguana,
Desert iguana,
Green Iguana,
Chuckwalla,
Peninsular Chuckwalla,
Monserrat Chuckwalla,
San Esteban Chuckwalla |  | Curassow |
Great Curassow |  | Goose |
White-fronted Goose,
Taiga Bean-Goose,
Snow Goose,
Ross's Goose,
Brent Goose,
Canada Goose |  | Stork |
Wood Stork,
Jabiru |  | Ibis |
American White Ibis,
Glossy Ibis,
White-faced Ibis,
Roseate Spoonbill |  | Condor |
American Black Vulture,
Turkey Vulture,
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture,
California Condor,
King Vulture |  | Crane |
Sandhill Crane |  | Quetzal |
Eared Quetzal,
Resplendent Quetzal |  | Pelican |
|  | Toucan |
Keel-billed Toucan |  | Flamingo |
American Flamingo |  | Parrot |
Scarlet Macaw ,
Military Macaw ,
Green Parakeet ,
Olive-throated Parakeet ,
Orange-fronted Parakeet ,
Socorro Parakeet ,
Thick-billed Parrot ,
Maroon-fronted Parrot ,
Orange-chinned Parakeet ,
Barred Parakeet … total 22 species | | endemic bird |
Rufous-bellied Chachalaca,
West Mexican Chachalaca,
Bearded Tree Quail,
Long-tailed Tree Quail,
Elegant Quail,
Banded Quail,
Balsas Screech Owl,
Colima Pygmy-owl,
Tamaulipas Pygmy-owl,
Eared Poorwill,
Tawny-collared Nightjar,
Golden-crowned Emerald,
Cozumel Emerald,
Xantus's Hummingbird,
White-tailed Hummingbird … total 26 endemic species | | bird (CR) |
Townsend's Shearwater,
Guadalupe Storm-petrel,
Short-crested Coquette,
Imperial Woodpecker,
Socorro Mockingbird,
Cozumel Thrasher,
Belding's Yellowthroat | | bird (EN) |
Horned Guan,
Tuxtla Quail-dove ,
Blue-capped Hummingbird,
Tricolored Blackbird,
Golden-cheeked Warbler,
Black-polled Yellowthroat,
Azure-rumped Tanager,
Worthen's Sparrow,
Sierra Madre Sparrow |
|
Mexico
marine extant
species |
| Sea-cow |
West Indian Manatee |  | Dolphin |
Vaquita | | Marine mammal |
Sea Otter,
Guadalupe Fur Seal,
California Sea Lion,
Northern Elephant Seal,
Common Seal | | Turtle |
Loggerhead Sea Turtle,
Green turtle,
Hawksbill turtle,
Kemp's Ridley,
Olive Ridley,
Leatherback turtle |  | Frigatebird |
Magnificent Frigatebird,
Great Frigatebird |  | Albatross |
Black-footed Albatross,
Laysan Albatross | | seabird |
Cook's Petrel,
Ashy Storm-petrel |  | Ray |
Manta ray,
Smalltooth sawfish,
Large-tooth sawfish | | Shark |
Whale shark (１２m),
Scalloped hammerhead,
Shortfin mako |  | Marlin |
Atlantic sailfish,
Indo-Pacific sailfish,
Black Marlin,
Atlantic Blue Marlin,
Atlantic White Marlin,
Striped Marlin |  | Tuna |
Blackfin tuna,
Pacific bluefin tuna,
Northern bluefin tuna |  | Horseshoe
crab |
Atlantic Horseshoe Crab |  | Coral |
Table coral',
Brain corals' |  | Mangrove |
White mangrove',
Red mangrove',
Black mangrove' |
|
Mexico
small extant
species |
 | Mouse (CR) |
Big Pocket Gopher,
Alcorn's Pocket Gopher,
San Quintin kangaroo rat,
Mexican Agouti,
Nelson's Woodrat,
San Lorenzo Deermouse,
Dickey’s Deermouse,
Coronados Deer Mouse,
Monserrat Island Deermouse,
Catalina Deer Mouse,
San Esteban Deermouse,
Perote Deer Mouse,
Puebla Deer Mouse,
Cozumel Harvest Mouse,
Chinanteco Deermouse,
Zempoaltepec Deermouse,
Delicate Deermouse,
Ixtlán Deermouse,
Schmidly's Deer Mouse,
Chiapan Climbing Rat,
Tumbala Climbing Rat | | Mouse (EN) |
Michoacan Pocket Gopher,
Nelson's Spiny Pocket Mouse,
Zempoaltépec Vole,
Tarabundí Vole,
Tamaulipan Woodrat,
Bryant's Woodrat,
Magdalena Rat,
Goldman's Diminutive Woodrat,
Santa Cruz Mouse,
Winkelmann's Mouse,
Tres Marias Island Mouse,
Peromyscus ochraventer,
Black-tailed Deer Mouse,
Black-wristed Deer Mouse,
Guerrero Harvest Mouse,
Oaxaca Giant Deer Mouse,
Nelson's Giant Deer Mouse,
Thomas's Giant Deer Mouse,
Jico Deermouse,
Miahuatlán Cotton Rat,
Mexican Water Mouse |  | Mole (CR) |
Nelson's Small-eared Shrew,
Sclater's Shrew,
San Cristobal Shrew |  | Bat (EN) |
Big Long-nosed Bat,
Genoways's Yellow Bat,
Peninsular Myotis,
Findley's Myotis,
Flat-headed Myotis | | Turtle (CR) |
Mesoamerican River Turtle,
Cuatro Cienegas Softshell | | Turtle (EN) |
Aquatic Box Turtle |  | Lizard (EN) |
(Abronia chiszari),
(Abronia deppii),
(Abronia fuscolabialis),
(Abronia graminea),
(Abronia martindelcampoi),
(Abronia matudai) |  | Snake (CR) |
Santa Catalina rattlesnake | | Snake (EN) |
Barbour's montane pitviper,
Tancitaran dusky rattlesnake,
Black-tailed horned pitviper |  | Salamander (CR) |
Axolotl ,
Lake Patzcuaro Salamander,
Lake Lerma Salamander,
Blunt-Headed Salamander,
Anderson's Salamander,
Delicate-Skinned Salamander,
Granular Salamander,
Leora's Salamander,
Taylor's Salamander,
Arboreal Splayfoot Salamander,
Common Splayfoot Salamander,
Pygmy Splayfoot Salamander,
Bigfoot Splayfoot Salamander,
Terrestrial Splayfoot Salamander,
Tlaconete,
(Pseudoeurycea anitae),
(Pseudoeurycea aquatica),
(Pseudoeurycea lynchi),
(Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl),
(Pseudoeurycea nigromaculata),
(Pseudoeurycea praecellens),
(Pseudoeurycea rex),
(Pseudoeurycea smithi),
Tlaconete,
Golden Minute Salamander,
Atoyac Minute Salamander,
Big-footed Minute Salamander,
Oaxacan Minute Salamander,
La Hoya Minute Salamander,
San Martin Minute Salamander,
Upper Cerro Minute Salamander,
Veracruz Minute Salamander,
Smith's Minute Salamander | | Salamander (EN) |
Puerto Hondo Stream Salamander,
Engelhardt's Climbing Salamander,
Yellow-legged Climbing Salamander,
Yellow-belly Climbing Salamander,
Franklin's Climbing Salamander,
Rilett's Climbing Salamander,
Stuart's Stuart's Salamander,
Veracruz Salamander,
Gristle-headed Splayfoot Salamander,
Graceful Splayfoot Salamander,
Dwarf Splayfoot Salamander,
Toothy Splayfoot Salamander,
Sierra Juarez Moss Salamander,
Alvarez del Toro's Moss Salamander,
Common Bromeliad Salamander,
Guatemalan Bromeliad Salamander,
Long-limbed Salamander,
Tropical dwarf salamnder,
(Pseudoeurycea altamontana),
(Pseudoeurycea brunnata),
(Pseudoeurycea cochranae),
(Pseudoeurycea conanti),
(Pseudoeurycea firscheini),
(Pseudoeurycea gadovii),
(Pseudoeurycea gigantea),
(Pseudoeurycea goebeli),
(Pseudoeurycea juarezi),
(Pseudoeurycea longicauda),
(Pseudoeurycea melanomolga),
(Pseudoeurycea mystax),
(Pseudoeurycea saltator),
Tlaconete Con Barba,
Tlaconete,
(Pseudoeurycea unguidentis),
(Pseudoeurycea werleri),
Arboreal Minute Salamander,
Northern Minute Salamander,
Acultzingo Minute Salamander,
Grand Minute Salamander,
Orizaba Minute Salamander,
MacDougall's Minute Salamander,
McDiarmid Minute Salamander,
Omiltemi Minute Salamander,
Papalo Minute Salamander,
Lower Cerro Minute Salamander,
Schmidt's Minute Salamander,
Spotted Minute Salamander,
Taylor's Minute Salamander |  | Newt |
Black-Spotted Newt |  | Frog (CR) |
Large-crested Toad,
Morelet’s Leaf Frog,
Greater Bromeliad Treefrog,
Yellowbelly Voiceless Treefrog,
Spine-fingered Treefrog,
Oaxacan Fringe-limbed Treefrog,
San Martin Fringe-limbed Treefrog,
Mixe Treefrog,
Oaxacan Yellow Treefrog,
Thorny Spikethumb Frog,
Greater Spikethumb Frog,
(Plectrohyla calthula),
(Plectrohyla calvicollina),
(Plectrohyla celata),
Southern Sierra Madre Treefrog,
Golden Treefrog,
Aquatic Treefrog,
Blue-eyed Aquatic Treefrog,
(Plectrohyla cyclada),
(Plectrohyla ephemera),
Hartweg's Spikethumb Frog,
Hazel's Treefrog,
Spikethumb Frog,
Semiaquatic Treefrog,
(Plectrohyla psarosema),
Thick-lipped Spikethumb Frog,
Sierra Juarez Treefrog,
Voiceless Treefrog,
Adler's Mottled Treefrog,
(Eleutherodactylus grandis),
(Eleutherodactylus rufescens),
(Rana chichicuahutla),
Guerreran Leopard Frog,
(Rana pueblae),
Tlaloc's Leopard Frog | | Frog (EN) |
Mountain Toad,
Arroyo Toad,
Jeweled Toad,
Confusing Toad,
(Bufo spiculatus),
Volcan Tacana Toad,
(Bufo tutelarius),
Bromeliad Treefrog,
Fairy Treefrog,
Chamula Mountain Brook Frog,
Sierra Juarez Brook Frog,
(Exerodonta chimalapa),
Variegated Treefrog,
Cloud Forest Treefrog,
Lesser Bromeliad Treefrog,
Puebla Treefrog,
Guatemala Spikethumb Frog,
Pop-eyed Spikethumb Frog,
Keelsnout Treefrog,
Mourning Treefrog,
Roberts' Treefrog,
Arcane Spikethumb Frog,
Guerreran Stream Frog,
Schultze's Stream Frog,
Upland Burrowing Treefrog,
(Eleutherodactylus dennisi),
(Eleutherodactylus dilatus),
(Eleutherodactylus saxatilis),
(Eleutherodactylus syristes),
(Eleutherodactylus vulcani),
(Rana dunni),
(Rana johni) |  | Swallowtail
butterfly |
Short-horned Baronia ,
Pipevine Swallowtail ,
Giant Swallowtail ,
Eesperanza Swallowtail ,
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail ,
King Swallowtail ,
Anise Swallowtail |
|