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Tanzania - Animals in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity
The following fossils from the geologic age to the prehistorical age are excavated in Tanzania. The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
Tanzania
prehistoric age | |
|
Tanzania
extinct species
Paleozoic |
 | Mammal-like reptile |
Dicynodon (258～216.5 Mya; Great Dying③) | | Primitive amphibia |
Peltobatrachus (270.6～268 Mya) |
|
Tanzania
extinct species
Mesozoic |
| Primitive dino |
Asilisaurus (245～237 Mya) |  | Flying reptile |
Pterodactylus (199.6～136.4 Mya),
Rhamphorhynchus (164.7～145.5 Mya) |  | Amored dino |
Kentrosaurus (161.2～145.5 Mya),
Hesperosaurus (150 Mya) |  | Bird-hipped dino |
Dryosaurus (155.7～150.8 Mya) |  | Long-necked dino |
Dicraeosaurus (161.2～145.5 Mya),
Australodocus (150.8～145.5 Mya) |  | Predatory dino |
Megalosaurus (166 Mya) |  | Large predatory dino |
Allosaurus (161.2～145.5 Mya) |
|
Tanzania
extinct species
Cenozoic |
 | Primitive elephant |
Anancus (9～0.126 Mya) | | Elephant |
Elephas recki (5.33～0.01 Mya),
Loxodonta exoptata(3.6～1.81 Mya) |  | Hominid |
Australopithecus afarensis (3.7～2.9 Mya; excavated at Laetoli),
Paranthropus boisei (2.6～1.2 Mya; excavated at Olduvai Gorge,Peninj),
Homo habilis (2.3～1.4 Mya; excavated at Olduvai Gorge),
Homo erectus (1.8～1 Mya; excavated at Olduvai Gorge) |  | Even-toed ungulate |
Archaeopotamus harvardi(11.61～3.6 Mya; Hippo),
Giraffa jumae(5.3～0.126 Mya),
Metridiochoerus (3.6～0.781 Mya; Boar),
Megalotragus (3.6～0.781 Mya; Rhebok),
Pelorovis (3.6～0.01 Mya; Giant horned buffalo),
Gorgon-eyed Hippopotamus (2.59～0.781 Mya) |  | Odd-toed ungulate |
Ancylotherium (9～1.81 Mya) |  | Saber-toothed cat |
Homotherium (13.65～0.01 Mya),
Machairodus (11.61～0.126 Mya; ２．５m),
Megantereon (10.3～1.8 Mya) |  | Carnivora |
Dinofelis (9～1.8 Mya; Cat),
European Jaguar (3.4～0.126 Mya) |
Tanzania is a country located in the east of Africa and the tropical zone. It is bordered by Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo DR, Zambia, Malawi and Mozanbique, and by the Inidan Ocean to the east. The following shows the distribution of animals in Tanzania.
| Tanzania | |
|
Tanzania
regionally extinct
in historic age |
| Odd-toed ungulate |
White Rhinoceros |  | Frog |
Kihansi Spray Toad |
|
Tanzania
extant species |
| Elephant shrew |
Checkered Elephant Shrew ,
Black Elephant Shrew ,
Grey-faced Sengi ,
Four-toed Elephant Shrew ,
Short-snouted Elephant Shrew ,
Rufous Elephant Shrew |  | Tenrec |
Giant Otter Shrew ,
Stuhlmann's Golden Mole |  | Aardvark |
Aardvark (Living fossil) |  | Hyrax |
Rock Hyrax ,
Yellow-spotted Rock Hyrax ,
Southern Tree Hyrax | | Elephant |
African elephant (７．３m) |  | Primate |
Brown Greater Galago ,
Northern Greater Galago ,
Senegal Bushbaby ,
Mohol Bushbaby ,
Zanzibar Bushbaby ,
Thomas's Bushbaby,
Grant's Bushbaby,
Uluguru Bushbaby,
Rondo Bushbaby,
Prince Demidoff's Bushbaby,
Patas Monkey ,
Vervet Monkeys' ,
Blue Monkey ,
Red-tailed Monkey ,
Grey-cheeked Mangabey ,
Kipunji ,
Olive Baboon ,
Yellow Baboon ,
Tana River Mangabey ,
Angola Colobus ,
Mantled Guereza ,
Zanzibar Red Colobus ,
Uzungwa Red Colobus ,
Chimpanzee |  | Rodent |
Lord Derby's Scaly-tailed flying squirrel ,
Long-eared Flying Mouse ,
Springhare ,
Cape Porcupine ,
Crested Porcupine ,
African Brush-tailed Porcupine ,
Striped Ground Squirrel ,
Unstriped Ground Squirrel ,
Gambian Sun Squirrel,
Red-legged Sun Squirrel,
Mutable Sun Squirrel,
Zanj Sun Squirrel,
Smith's Bush Squirrel,
Boehm's Bush Squirrel,
Ochre Bush Squirrel,
Red Bush Squirrel,
Swynnerton's Bush Squirrel,
Black and Red Bush Squirrel,
Striped Bush Squirrel,
Forest Giant Squirrel |  | Rabbit |
Smith's Red Rock Hare ,
Cape Hare ,
African Savanna Hare |  | Hedgehog |
Four-toed Hedgehog | | Even-toed ungulate |
Giant Forest Hog ,
Common Warthog ,
Bushpig ,
Hippopotamus ,
Giraffe (５m),
African Buffalo ,
Sitatunga ,
Greater Kudu ,
Bushbuck ,
Lesser Kudu ,
Common Eland ,
Abbott's Duiker ,
Ader's Duiker ,
Peters's Duiker ,
Harvey's Duiker ,
Red Forest Duiker ,
Weyns's Duiker,
Blue Duiker ,
Common Duiker ,
Roan Antelope ,
Sable Antelope ,
Gemsbok ,
Thomson's Gazelle ,
Grant's Gazelle ,
Gerenuk (Giraffe-necked antelope),
Kirk's Dik-dik ,
Suni ,
Klipspringer ,
Oribi ,
Steenbok ,
Sharpe's Grysbok ,
Waterbuck ,
Kob ,
Puku ,
Southern Reedbuck ,
Mountain Reedbuck ,
Bohor Reedbuck ,
Impala ,
Tsessebe ,
Hartebeest ,
Lichtenstein's Hartebeest ,
Blue Wildebeest (Massive migration) |  | Megabat |
Angolan Rousette,
Egyptian Rousette ,
Long-haired Rousette ,
East African Little Collared Fruit Bat ,
Pemba Flying Fox ,
Seychelles fruit bat ,
Dobson's Fruit Bat ,
Franquet's Epauletted Fruit Bat ,
Peters's Epauletted Fruit Bat ,
Ethiopian Epauletted Fruit Bat … total 13 species | | Odd-toed ungulate |
Plains Zebra (Stripe),
Black Rhinoceros |  | Pangolin |
Giant Pangolin ,
Tree Pangolin ,
Ground Pangolin | | Carnivora |
African Palm Civet ,
Wild Cat (Spotted),
Cheetah ,
Serval (Spotted),
Caracal (Tufted large ear),
Lion (２．５m),
Leopard (Spotted),
African Civet (Spotted),
Abyssinian Genet (Spotted),
Common Genet (Spotted),
Servaline Genet (Spotted),
Rusty-spotted Genet (Spotted),
Striped Hyena ,
Spotted Hyena ,
Aardwolf ,
Marsh Mongoose ,
Bushy-tailed Mongoose ,
Jackson's Mongoose ,
Slender Mongoose ,
Common Dwarf Mongoose ,
Egyptian Mongoose ,
Long-nosed Mongoose ,
Banded Mongoose ,
Meller's Mongoose ,
Side-striped Jackal ,
Golden Jackal ,
Black-backed Jackal ,
African Wild Dog ,
Bat-eared Fox (Unusual large ears),
African Clawless Otter ,
Spotted-necked Otter ,
Striped Polecat (Foul-smelling secretions),
Honey Badger ,
African Striped Weasel |  | Crocodile |
Slender-snouted Crocodile ,
Nile Crocodile |  | Lizard |
Rock Monitor |  | Chameleon |
Side-striped Chameleon ,
Jackson's Three-horned Chameleon ,
Meller's Chameleon ,
Coarse Chameleon ,
Usambara Three-horned Chameleon ,
Ngosi Volcano Chameleon ,
Tanganyika Chameleon ,
Poroto Mountain Chameleon ,
Spine-sided Chameleon ,
(Chamaeleo sternfeldi) … total 25 species |  | Ostrich |
Ostrich (２．７５m) |  | Goose |
Spur-winged Goose ,
Egyptian Goose |  | Guineafowl |
Helmeted Guineafowl ,
Crested Guineafowl ,
Vulturine Guineafowl |  | Stork |
|  | Ibis |
Sacred Ibis ,
Olive Ibis ,
Spot-breasted Ibis ,
Hadada Ibis ,
Glossy Ibis ,
African Spoonbill |  | Hornbill |
Red-billed Hornbill ,
Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill ,
Von der Decken's Hornbill ,
Crowned Hornbill ,
African Pied Hornbill ,
African Grey Hornbill ,
Pale-billed Hornbill ,
Trumpeter Hornbill ,
Silvery-cheeked Hornbill ,
Black-and-white-casqued Hornbill |  | Crane |
Grey Crowned Crane ,
Wattled Crane |  | Turaco |
Hartlaub's Turaco ,
Fischer's Turaco ,
Livingstone's Turaco ,
Schalow's Turaco ,
Black-billed Turaco ,
Purple-crested Turaco ,
Ross's Turaco ,
Bare-faced Go-away-bird ,
Grey Go-away-bird ,
White-bellied Go-away-bird ,
Eastern Grey Plantain-eater ,
Great Blue Turaco |  | Pelican |
White Pelican ,
Pink-backed Pelican |  | Flamingo |
Lesser Flamingo ,
American Flamingo |  | Parrot |
African Grey Parrot ,
Cape Parrot ,
Jardine's Parrot ,
Meyer's Parrot ,
Brown-headed Parrot ,
Red-bellied Parrot ,
Nyasa Lovebird ,
Fischer's Lovebird ,
Masked Lovebird ,
Red-faced Lovebird |  | endemic bird |
Grey-breasted Francolin ,
Pemba Green-pigeon ,
Masked Lovebird ,
Pemba Scops-owl ,
Usambara Eagle-owl ,
Mrs Moreau's Warbler ,
Pemba White-eye ,
Iringa Akalat ,
Rufous-tailed Weaver ,
Kilombero Weaver ,
Tanzania Masked-weaver ,
Banded Sunbird ,
Moreau's Sunbird ,
Loveridge's Sunbird ,
Rufous-winged Sunbird | | bird (CR) |
Uluguru Bush-shrike ,
Long-billed Tailorbird | | bird (EN) |
Rubeho Forest-partridge ,
Udzungwa Forest-partridge ,
Madagascar Pond Heron ,
Kungwe Apalis ,
Usambara Akalat ,
Rubeho Akalat ,
Spotted Ground-thrush ,
Sokoke Pipit ,
Usambara Weaver |  | tree |
African Baobab |
|
Tanzania
marine extant
species |
 | Sea-cow |
Dugong |  | Turtle |
Green turtle ,
Hawksbill turtle ,
Olive Ridley |  | Frigatebird |
Great Frigatebird ,
Lesser Frigatebird |  | Albatross |
Shy Albatross |  | Coelacanth |
Comorese coelacanth (410 Mya～; Great Dying②③④⑤) |  | Shark |
Whale shark (１２m),
Great hammerhead ,
Great white shark ,
Shortfin mako |  | Marlin |
Indo-Pacific sailfish ,
Black Marlin |  | Mangrove |
White mangrove' ,
Red mangrove' ,
Black mangrove' |
|
Tanzania
small extant
species |
 | Mole (CR) |
Phillip's Congo Shrew | | Mole (EN) |
Desperate Shrew,
Tanzanian Shrew,
Telford's Shrew,
Usambara Shrew,
Howell's Forest Shrew,
Geata Mouse Shrew,
Kihaule's Mouse Shrew | | Bat (EN) |
Tanzanian Woolly Bat | | Frog (CR) |
(Churamiti maridadi) ,
(Nectophrynoides paulae) ,
Poynton's Forest Toad ,
Uzungwe Scarp Tree Toad ,
(Parhoplophryne usambarica) | | Frog (EN) |
Nike's Squeaker ,
Braun's Toad ,
Mrora Forest Toad ,
Usambara Forest Toad ,
Secret Tree Toad ,
(Nectophrynoides laticeps),
Minute Tree Toad,
Pseudo Forest Toad,
Vestergaard's Forest Toad ,
(Hyperolius puncticulatus) (Yellow),
(Hyperolius kihangensis) ,
(Hyperolius tannerorum) ,
(Afrixalus sylvaticus) ,
(Kassina jozani) ,
(Callulina kisiwamsitu) ,
(Probreviceps durirostris) ,
(Hoplophryne rogersi) ,
Usambara Torrent Frog ,
(Arthroleptides yakusini) ,
(Phrynobatrachus krefftii) ,
(Phrynobatrachus pakenhami) |  | Swallowtail
butterfly |
Kilimanjaro Swallowtail |
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