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Ethiopia - Animals in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity
The following fossils from the geologic age to the prehistorical age are excavated in Ethiopia. The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
Ethiopia
prehistoric age | |
|
Ethiopia
extinct species
Mesozoic |
 | Large predatory dino |
Acrocanthosaurus (150.8～112 Mya) |  | Ray-finned fish |
Lepidotes (245～70.6 Mya; Great Dying④) |
|
Ethiopia
extinct species
Cenozoic |
 | Primitive elephant |
Palaeomastodon (33.9～23.03 Mya),
Deinotherium (22.4～0.01 Mya; ５m),
Anancus (9～0.126 Mya) | | Elephant |
Stegodon (11.61～0.01 Mya; ５m),
Loxodonta adaurora(5.33～1.81 Mya),
South African mammoth (5.33～3.6 Mya),
Elephas recki (5.33～0.01 Mya),
Loxodonta exoptata(3.6～1.81 Mya) |  | Paenungulata |
Arsinoitherium (40.4～23.03 Mya; Large pair of horns) |  | Primate |
Chororapithecus(11.1～9.7 Mya) |  | Hominid |
Ardipithecus kadabba (5.6 Mya; excavated at Awash),
Ardipithecus ramidus (4.4 Mya; excavated at Awash),
Australopithecus anamensis (4.2～3.9 Mya; excavated at Awash),
Australopithecus afarensis (3.7～2.9 Mya; excavated at Awash [Lucy], Omo),
Paranthropus aethiopicus (2.7～2.5 Mya; excavated at Omo),
Australopithecus garhi (2.6～2.5 Mya; excavated at Awash),
Paranthropus boisei (2.6～1.2 Mya; excavated at Omo),
Homo habilis (2.3～1.4 Mya; excavated at Omo),
Paranthropus robustus (2～1.2 Mya; excavated at Omo),
Homo erectus (1.8～1 Mya; excavated at Omo),
Homo heidelbergensis (0.4 Mya; excavated at Awash),
Homo sapiens idaltu (0.16 Mya; excavated at Awash),
Homo rhodesiensis (0.3～0.125 Mya; excavated at Omo) | | Primitive elephant |
Phiomia (37.2～23.03 Mya),
Chilgatherium (28～27 Mya) |  | Even-toed ungulate |
Archaeopotamus harvardi(11.61～3.6 Mya; Hippo),
Hexaprotodon coryndoni(9 Mya; Hippo),
Giraffa jumae(5.3～0.126 Mya),
Pelorovis (3.6～0.01 Mya; Giant horned buffalo),
Metridiochoerus (3.6～0.781 Mya; Boar),
Megalotragus (3.6～0.781 Mya; Rhebok),
Gorgon-eyed Hippopotamus (2.59～0.781 Mya) |  | Odd-toed ungulate |
Brachypotherium (20～5.33 Mya; Rhino),
Ancylotherium (9～1.81 Mya) |  | Saber-toothed cat |
Homotherium (13.65～0.01 Mya),
Machairodus (11.61～0.126 Mya; ２．５m),
Megantereon (10.3～1.8 Mya) |  | Carnivora |
Percrocuta(13.65～2.59 Mya),
Agriotherium (13.6～2.6 Mya; Dog-bear),
Dinofelis (9～1.8 Mya; Cat),
Pachycrocuta (7.25～0.126 Mya; Hyena) |
Ethiopia is an inland country located in the east of Africa and the tropical zone. It is bordered by Sudan to the west, by Eritrea to the north, Somalia to the east and Kenya to the south. The following shows the distribution of animals in Ethiopia.
| Ethiopia | |
|
Ethiopia
regionally extinct
in historic age |
| Odd-toed ungulate |
White Rhinoceros |
|
Ethiopia
extant species |
| Elephant shrew |
Rufous Elephant Shrew |  | Aardvark |
Aardvark (Living fossil) |  | Hyrax |
Rock Hyrax ,
Yellow-spotted Rock Hyrax | | Elephant |
African elephant (７．３m) | | Primate |
Senegal Bushbaby ,
Somali Bushbaby ,
Patas Monkey ,
Vervet Monkeys' ,
Blue Monkey ,
De Brazza's Monkey ,
Hamadryas Baboon ,
Olive Baboon ,
Yellow Baboon ,
Gelada ,
Mantled Guereza |  | Rodent |
Crested Porcupine ,
Unstriped Ground Squirrel ,
Gambian Sun Squirrel |  | Rabbit |
Cape Hare ,
Ethiopian Highland Hare ,
Ethiopian Hare ,
Abyssinian Hare,
African Savanna Hare |  | Hedgehog |
Four-toed Hedgehog ,
Desert Hedgehog |  | Pangolin |
Ground Pangolin | | Even-toed ungulate |
Giant Forest Hog ,
Desert Warthog ,
Common Warthog ,
Bushpig ,
Hippopotamus ,
Giraffe (５m),
African Buffalo ,
Mountain Nyala ,
Greater Kudu ,
Bushbuck ,
Lesser Kudu ,
Bongo (Stripe),
Common Eland ,
Harvey's Duiker ,
Blue Duiker ,
Common Duiker ,
Roan Antelope ,
Gemsbok ,
Dibatag ,
Speke's Gazelle ,
Dorcas Gazelle ,
Thomson's Gazelle ,
Red-fronted Gazelle ,
Grant's Gazelle ,
Soemmerring's Gazelle ,
Gerenuk (Giraffe-necked antelope),
Beira ,
Günther's Dik-dik ,
Salt's Dik-dik ,
Klipspringer ,
Oribi ,
Nubian ibex ,
Walia ibex ,
Waterbuck ,
Kob ,
Nile Lechwe ,
Mountain Reedbuck ,
Bohor Reedbuck ,
Tsessebe ,
Hartebeest |  | Megabat |
Angolan Rousette,
Egyptian Rousette ,
Long-haired Rousette ,
Hammer-headed Fruit Bat ,
Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat ,
Ethiopian Epauletted Fruit Bat ,
East African Epauletted Fruit Bat ,
Peter's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat | | Odd-toed ungulate |
African Wild Ass ,
Grevy's Zebra (Stripe),
Plains Zebra (Stripe),
Black Rhinoceros | | Carnivora |
Wild Cat (Spotted),
Cheetah ,
Serval (Spotted),
Caracal (Tufted large ear),
Lion (２．５m),
Leopard (Spotted),
African Civet (Spotted),
Abyssinian Genet (Spotted),
Common Genet (Spotted),
Rusty-spotted Genet (Spotted),
Striped Hyena ,
Spotted Hyena ,
Aardwolf ,
Marsh Mongoose ,
Slender Mongoose ,
Ethiopian Dwarf Mongoose ,
Common Dwarf Mongoose ,
Egyptian Mongoose ,
Banded Mongoose ,
Side-striped Jackal ,
Golden Jackal ,
Black-backed Jackal ,
Ethiopian Wolf ,
African Wild Dog ,
Pale Fox ,
Rüppell's Fox ,
Bat-eared Fox (Unusual large ears),
African Clawless Otter ,
Spotted-necked Otter ,
Striped Polecat (Foul-smelling secretions),
Honey Badger |  | Crocodile |
Nile Crocodile |  | Lizard |
Rock Monitor |  | Chameleon |
Side-striped Chameleon ,
Ethiopian Highland Chameleon ,
Awash Chameleon ,
Bale Mountains Heather Chameleon ,
(Chamaeleo ruspolii) |  | Ostrich |
Ostrich (２．７５m) |  | Goose |
Spur-winged Goose ,
Egyptian Goose ,
Blue-winged Goose |  | Guineafowl |
Helmeted Guineafowl ,
Crested Guineafowl ,
Vulturine Guineafowl |  | Stork |
|  | Ibis |
Sacred Ibis ,
Northern Bald Ibis ,
Hadada Ibis ,
Wattled Ibis ,
Glossy Ibis ,
Common Spoonbill ,
African Spoonbill |  | Hornbill |
Red-billed Hornbill ,
Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill ,
Jackson's Hornbill ,
Von der Decken's Hornbill ,
Crowned Hornbill ,
Hemprich's Hornbill ,
African Grey Hornbill ,
Silvery-cheeked Hornbill |  | Rail |
White-winged Flufftail |  | Crane |
Black Crowned Crane ,
Common Crane ,
Demoiselle Crane (Highest flying),
Wattled Crane |  | Turaco |
White-cheeked Turaco ,
Prince Ruspoli's Turaco ,
Bare-faced Go-away-bird ,
White-bellied Go-away-bird ,
Eastern Grey Plantain-eater |  | Pelican |
White Pelican ,
Pink-backed Pelican |  | Flamingo |
Lesser Flamingo ,
American Flamingo |  | Parrot |
Meyer's Parrot ,
Red-bellied Parrot ,
Yellow-fronted Parrot ,
Rose-ringed Parakeet ,
Abyssinian Lovebird ,
Red-faced Lovebird |  | endemic bird |
Blue-winged Goose ,
Harwood's Francolin ,
Spot-breasted Lapwing ,
Wattled Ibis ,
Yellow-fronted Parrot ,
Abyssinian Lovebird ,
Prince Ruspoli's Turaco ,
Nechisar Nightjar ,
Abyssinian Woodpecker ,
Degodi Lark ,
White-tailed Swallow ,
Abyssinian Catbird ,
Rueppell's Chat ,
Abyssinian Longclaw ,
Red-winged Pytilia … total 19 endemic species | | bird (EN) |
Stresemann's Bush Crow ,
Sidamo Lark ,
Yellow-throated Serin |  | tree |
African Baobab |
|
Ethiopia
marine extant
species |
 | Frigatebird |
Lesser Frigatebird |  | Shark |
Whale shark (１２m) |
|
Ethiopia
small extant
species |
 | Mouse (CR) |
Ethiopian Amphibious Rat | | Mouse (EN) |
Big-headed Mole Rat ,
Yalden's Desmomys |  | Mole (CR) |
Harenna Shrew | | Mole (EN) |
Bailey's Shrew,
Bale Shrew,
Guramba Shrew |  | Frog (CR) |
Susana’s Forest Treefrog | | Frog (EN) |
Malcolm's Ethiopia Toad ,
(Balebreviceps hillmani) ,
(Ericabatrachus baleensis) |
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